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[[File:FerrersVerticalPressure.png|center|400px|Ferrers Vertical Pressure ]]


Note for later use that,
Note for later use that,

Revision as of 14:42, 11 November 2024

Parabolic Density Distribution


Part I:   Gravitational Potential

 


Part II:   Spherical Structures

 


Part III:   Axisymmetric Equilibrium Structures

 Old: 1st thru 7th tries
 Old: 8th thru 10th tries


Part IV:   Triaxial Equilibrium Structures (Exploration)

 

Axisymmetric (Oblate) Equilibrium Structures

Tentative Summary

Known Relations

Density:

ρ(ϖ,z)ρc

=

[1−χ2−ζ2(1−e2)−1],

Gravitational Potential:

Φgrav(ϖ,z)(−πGρcaℓ2)

=

12IBT−Aℓχ2−Asζ2+12[(Assaℓ2)ζ4+2(Aℓsaℓ2)χ2ζ2+(Aℓℓaℓ2)χ4].

 

⇒∂∂ζ[Φgrav(−πGρcaℓ2)]

=

2(Aℓsaℓ2)χ2ζ−2Asζ+2(Assaℓ2)ζ3.

 

and,     ∂∂χ[Φgrav(−πGρcaℓ2)]

=

2(Aℓsaℓ2)χζ2−2Aℓχ+2(Aℓℓaℓ2)χ3.

where, χ≡ϖ/aℓ and ζ≡z/aℓ, and the relevant index symbol expressions are:

IBT =

2Aℓ+As(1−e2)=2(1−e2)1/2[sin−1ee];

Aℓ

=

1e2[sin−1ee−(1−e2)1/2](1−e2)1/2;

As =

2e2[(1−e2)−1/2−sin−1ee](1−e2)1/2;

aℓ2Aℓℓ

=

14e4{−(3+2e2)(1−e2)+3(1−e2)1/2[sin−1ee]};

32aℓ2Ass

=

(4e2−3)e4(1−e2)+3(1−e2)1/2e4[sin−1ee];

aℓ2Aℓs

=

1e4{(3−e2)−3(1−e2)1/2[sin−1ee]},

where the eccentricity,

e≡[1−(asaℓ)2]1/2.

Drawing from our separate "6th Try" discussion — and as has been highlighted here for example — for the axisymmetric configurations under consideration, the e^z and e^ϖ components of the Euler equation become, respectively,

e^z:    

0

=

[1ρ∂P∂z+∂Φ∂z]

e^ϖ:    

j2ϖ3

=

[1ρ∂P∂ϖ+∂Φ∂ϖ]

Multiplying the e^z component through by length (aℓ) and dividing through by the square of the velocity (πGρcaℓ2), we have,

0

=

[1ρ∂P∂z+∂Φ∂z]aℓ(πGρcaℓ2)

 

=

ρcρ⋅∂∂ζ[P(πGρc2aℓ2)]−∂∂ζ[Φ(−πGρcaℓ2)]

⇒∂∂ζ[P(πGρc2aℓ2)]

=

ρρc⋅∂∂ζ[Φ(−πGρcaℓ2)]

 

=

ρρc⋅[2(Aℓsaℓ2)χ2ζ−2Asζ+2(Assaℓ2)ζ3]

Multiplying the e^ϖ component through by length (aℓ) and dividing through by the square of the velocity (πGρcaℓ2), we have,

e^ϖ:    

j2ϖ3⋅aℓ(πGρcaℓ2)

=

[1ρ∂P∂ϖ+∂Φgrav∂ϖ]aℓ(πGρcaℓ2)

 

⇒1χ3⋅j2(πGρcaℓ4)

=

ρcρ⋅∂∂χ[P(πGρc2aℓ2)]−∂∂χ[Φgrav(−πGρcaℓ2)]

Play With Vertical Pressure Gradient

[1(πGρc2aℓ2)]∂P∂ζ =

[1−χ2−ζ2(1−e2)−1][2Aℓsaℓ2χ2ζ−2Asζ+2Assaℓ2ζ3]

  =

[(2Aℓsaℓ2χ2−2As)ζ+2Assaℓ2ζ3]−χ2[(2Aℓsaℓ2χ2−2As)ζ+2Assaℓ2ζ3]−ζ2(1−e2)−1[(2Aℓsaℓ2χ2−2As)ζ+2Assaℓ2ζ3]

  =

(2Aℓsaℓ2χ2−2As)ζ+2Assaℓ2ζ3−(2Aℓsaℓ2χ4−2Asχ2)ζ−2Assaℓ2χ2ζ3−(1−e2)−1[(2Aℓsaℓ2χ2−2As)ζ3+2Assaℓ2ζ5]

  =

[(2Aℓsaℓ2χ2−2As)−(2Aℓsaℓ2χ4−2Asχ2)]ζ+[2Assaℓ2−2Assaℓ2χ2−(1−e2)−1(2Aℓsaℓ2χ2−2As)]ζ3+[−(1−e2)−12Assaℓ2]ζ5.

Integrate over ζ gives …

Pdeduced*≡[1(πGρc2aℓ2)]∫[∂P∂ζ]dζ =

[(Aℓsaℓ2χ2−As)−(Aℓsaℓ2χ4−Asχ2)]ζ2+12[Assaℓ2−Assaℓ2χ2−(1−e2)−1(Aℓsaℓ2χ2−As)]ζ4+13[−(1−e2)−1Assaℓ2]ζ6+const

  =

[−Asζ2+12Assaℓ2ζ4+12(1−e2)−1Asζ4−13(1−e2)−1Assaℓ2ζ6]χ0+[Aℓsaℓ2ζ2+Asζ2−12Assaℓ2ζ4−12(1−e2)−1(Aℓsaℓ2ζ4)]χ2+[−Aℓsaℓ2ζ2]χ4+const.

If I am interpreting this correctly, Pdeduced* should tell how the normalized pressure varies with ζ, for a fixed choice of 0≤χ≤1. Again, for a fixed choice of χ, we want to specify the value of the "const." — hereafter, Cχ — such that Pdeduced*=0 at the surface of the configuration; but at the surface, it must also be true that,

at the surface   …   ζ2 =

(1−e2)(1−χ2).

Hence,

−Cχ =

[(Aℓsaℓ2χ2−As)−(Aℓsaℓ2χ4−Asχ2)][(1−e2)(1−χ2)]+12[Assaℓ2−Assaℓ2χ2−(1−e2)−1(Aℓsaℓ2χ2−As)][(1−e2)(1−χ2)]2+13[−(1−e2)−1Assaℓ2][(1−e2)(1−χ2)]3

Central Pressure

At the center of the configuration — where ζ=χ=0 — we see that,

−Cχ|χ=0 =

[(−As)](1−e2)+12[Assaℓ2+(1−e2)−1As](1−e2)2+13[−(1−e2)−1Assaℓ2](1−e2)3

  =

−As(1−e2)+12[Assaℓ2(1−e2)2+(1−e2)As]−13[(1−e2)2Assaℓ2]

  =

−12[As(1−e2)]+16[Assaℓ2(1−e2)2]

Hence, the central pressure is,

Pc*≡[Pdeduced*]central=Cχ|χ=0 =

12[As(1−e2)]−16[Assaℓ2(1−e2)2].


Ferrers Vertical Pressure
Ferrers Vertical Pressure

Note for later use that,

∂Cχ∂χ =

…

Now Play With Radial Pressure Gradient

After multiplying through by ρ/ρc, the last term on the RHS of the e^ϖ component is given by the expression,

ρρc⋅[1(−πGρcaℓ2)]∂Φgrav∂χ =

2[1−χ2−ζ2(1−e2)−1][(Aℓsaℓ2ζ2−Aℓ)χ+Aℓℓaℓ2χ3]

  =

2[(Aℓsaℓ2ζ2−Aℓ)χ+Aℓℓaℓ2χ3]−2χ2[(Aℓsaℓ2ζ2−Aℓ)χ+Aℓℓaℓ2χ3]−2ζ2(1−e2)−1[(Aℓsaℓ2ζ2−Aℓ)χ+Aℓℓaℓ2χ3]

  =

2(Aℓsaℓ2ζ2−Aℓ)χ+2[Aℓℓaℓ2+(Aℓ−Aℓsaℓ2ζ2)]χ3−2Aℓℓaℓ2χ5+2(1−e2)−1[(Aℓζ2−Aℓsaℓ2ζ4)χ−Aℓℓaℓ2ζ2χ3]

  =

2[(Aℓsaℓ2ζ2−Aℓ)+(1−e2)−1(Aℓζ2−Aℓsaℓ2ζ4)]χ+2[Aℓℓaℓ2+(Aℓ−Aℓsaℓ2ζ2)−(1−e2)−1Aℓℓaℓ2ζ2]χ3−2Aℓℓaℓ2χ5.

If we replace the normalized pressure by Pdeduced*, the first term on the RHS of the e^ϖ component becomes,

∂Pdeduced*∂χ =

∂∂χ{[−Asζ2+12Assaℓ2ζ4+12(1−e2)−1Asζ4−13(1−e2)−1Assaℓ2ζ6]χ0+[Aℓsaℓ2ζ2+Asζ2−12Assaℓ2ζ4−12(1−e2)−1(Aℓsaℓ2ζ4)]χ2+[−Aℓsaℓ2ζ2]χ4+Pc*}

  =

2[Aℓsaℓ2ζ2+Asζ2−12Assaℓ2ζ4−12(1−e2)−1(Aℓsaℓ2ζ4)]χ+4[−Aℓsaℓ2ζ2]χ3

Hence,

1χ3⋅j2(πGρcaℓ4)⋅ρρc

=

[∂Pdeduced*∂χ]−ρρc⋅∂∂χ[Φgrav(−πGρcaℓ2)]

10th Try

Repeating Key Relations

Density:

ρ(ϖ,z)ρc

=

[1−χ2−ζ2(1−e2)−1],

Gravitational Potential:

Φgrav(ϖ,z)(−πGρcaℓ2)

=

12IBT−Aℓχ2−Asζ2+12[(Assaℓ2)ζ4+2(Aℓsaℓ2)χ2ζ2+(Aℓℓaℓ2)χ4].

Vertical Pressure Gradient: [1(πGρc2aℓ2)]∂P∂ζ =

ρρc⋅[2Aℓsaℓ2χ2ζ−2Asζ+2Assaℓ2ζ3]

From the above (9th Try) examination of the vertical pressure gradient, we determined that a reasonably good approximation for the normalized pressure throughout the configuration is given by the expression,

[1(πGρc2aℓ2)]∫[∂P∂ζ]dζ =

[−Asζ2+12Assaℓ2ζ4+12(1−e2)−1Asζ4−13(1−e2)−1Assaℓ2ζ6]χ0+[Aℓsaℓ2ζ2+Asζ2−12Assaℓ2ζ4−12(1−e2)−1(Aℓsaℓ2ζ4)]χ2+[−Aℓsaℓ2ζ2]χ4+const.

If we set χ=0 — that is, if we look along the vertical axis — this approximation should be particularly good, resulting in the expression,

Pz≡{[1(πGρc2aℓ2)]∫[∂P∂ζ]dζ}χ=0 =

Pc*−Asζ2+12Assaℓ2ζ4+12(1−e2)−1Asζ4−13(1−e2)−1Assaℓ2ζ6.

Note that in the limit that z→as — that is, at the pole along the vertical (symmetry) axis where the Pz should drop to zero — we should set ζ→(1−e2)1/2. This allows us to determine the central pressure.

Pc* =

As(1−e2)−12Assaℓ2(1−e2)2−12(1−e2)−1As(1−e2)2+13(1−e2)−1Assaℓ2(1−e2)3

  =

As(1−e2)−12As(1−e2)+13Assaℓ2(1−e2)2−12Assaℓ2(1−e2)2

  =

12As(1−e2)−16Assaℓ2(1−e2)2.

This means that, along the vertical axis, the pressure gradient is,

Pz≡{[1(πGρc2aℓ2)]∫[∂P∂ζ]dζ}χ=0 =

Pc*−Asζ2+12Assaℓ2ζ4+12(1−e2)−1Asζ4−13(1−e2)−1Assaℓ2ζ6.

∂Pz∂ζ =

−2Asζ+2Assaℓ2ζ3+2(1−e2)−1Asζ3−2(1−e2)−1Assaℓ2ζ5.

This should match the more general "vertical pressure gradient" expression when we set, χ=0, that is,

{[1(πGρc2aℓ2)]∂P∂ζ}χ=0 =

[1−χ20−ζ2(1−e2)−1]⋅[2Aℓsaℓ2ζχ20−2Asζ+2Assaℓ2ζ3]

  =

[−2Asζ+2Assaℓ2ζ3]+ζ2(1−e2)−1[2Asζ−2Assaℓ2ζ3]

Yes! The expressions match!

See Also

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