Line 292:
Line 292:
- \frac{\partial }{\partial \chi}\biggl[ \frac{\Phi}{(-~\pi G\rho_c a_\ell^2)} \biggr]
- \frac{\partial }{\partial \chi}\biggl[ \frac{\Phi}{(-~\pi G\rho_c a_\ell^2)} \biggr]
</math>
</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
===7<sup>th</sup> Try===
====Introduction====
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="left"><font color="orange"><b>Density:</b></font></td>
<td align="right">
<math>\frac{\rho(\chi, \zeta)}{\rho_c}</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\biggl[1 - \chi^2 - \zeta^2(1-e^2)^{-1} \biggr]
\, ,</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><font color="orange"><b>Gravitational Potential:</b></font></td>
<td align="right">
<math>\frac{ \Phi_\mathrm{grav}(\chi,\zeta)}{(-\pi G\rho_c a_\ell^2)} </math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{2} I_\mathrm{BT}
- A_\ell \chi^2 - A_s \zeta^2
+ \frac{1}{2}\biggl[(A_{s s} a_\ell^2) \zeta^4
+ 2(A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )\chi^2 \zeta^2
+ (A_{\ell \ell} a_\ell^2) \chi^4 \biggr]
\, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><font color="purple"><b>Specific Angular Momentum:</b></font></td>
<td align="right">
<math>
\frac{j^2 }{(\pi G \rho_c a_\ell^4)} \cdot \frac{1}{\chi^3}
</math>
</td>
<td align="center"><math>=</math></td>
<td align="left">
<math>
2j_1 \chi - 2 j_3 \chi^3
\, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><font color="purple"><b>Centrifugal Potential:</b></font></td>
<td align="right">
<math>
\frac{\Psi }{(\pi G \rho_c a_\ell^2)}
</math>
</td>
<td align="center"><math>=</math></td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{2}\biggl[j_3 \chi^4 -2j_1 \chi^2 \biggr]\, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table border="1" align="center" width="80%" cellpadding="8"><tr><td align="left">
[[#Index_Symbol_Expressions|From above]], we recall the following relations:
<table align="center" border=0 cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>
4e^4(A_{\ell \ell}a_\ell^2 )
</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>
=
</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- (3 + 2e^2) (1-e^2) + \Upsilon
\, ;
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>\frac{3}{2} e^4(A_{ss}a_\ell^2 ) </math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{( 4e^2 - 3 )}{(1-e^2)}
+
\Upsilon
\, ;
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>
e^4(A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )
</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>
=
</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
(3-e^2)
-
\Upsilon
\, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
where,
<table align="center" border=0 cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>
\Upsilon
</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>
\equiv
</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
3 (1 - e^2)^{1 / 2} \biggl[\frac{\sin^{-1}e}{e}\biggr]
\, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<font color="red">Crosscheck</font> … Given that,
<table align="center" border=0 cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>
\Upsilon
</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>
=
</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
(3-e^2) - e^4(A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )
\, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
we obtain the pair of relations,
<table align="center" border=0 cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>
4e^4(A_{\ell \ell}a_\ell^2 )
</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>
=
</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- (3 + 2e^2) (1-e^2) + (3-e^2) - e^4(A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>
=
</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- (3-3e^2 + 2e^2 - 2e^4)
+ (3-e^2) - e^4(A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>
=
</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
2e^4 - e^4(A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>
\Rightarrow ~~~ (A_{\ell \ell}a_\ell^2 )
</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>
=
</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{4}(A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )
\, ;
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>\frac{3}{2} e^4(A_{ss}a_\ell^2 ) </math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{( 4e^2 - 3 )}{(1-e^2)}
+
(3-e^2) - e^4(A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{( 4e^2 - 3 )+(3-e^2)(1-e^2)}{(1-e^2)}
- e^4(A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{e^4}{(1-e^2)}
- e^4(A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>\Rightarrow ~~~ (A_{ss}a_\ell^2 ) </math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{2}{3}\biggl[ \frac{1}{(1-e^2)} - (A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )\biggr]
\, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td></tr></table>
====RHS Square Brackets (TERM1)====
Let's rewrite the term inside square brackets on the RHS of the expression for the gravitational potential.
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>\biggl[ ~~ \biggr]_\mathrm{RHS}</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>\equiv</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\biggl[(A_{s s} a_\ell^2) \zeta^4
+ 2(A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )\chi^2 \zeta^2
+ (A_{\ell \ell} a_\ell^2) \chi^4 \biggr]
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
e^{-4} \biggl\{
\frac{2}{3}\biggl[ \frac{( 4e^2 - 3 )}{(1-e^2)} + \Upsilon\biggr] \zeta^4
+ 2\biggl[ (3-e^2) - \Upsilon \biggr]\chi^2 \zeta^2
+ \frac{1}{4}\biggl[ - (3 + 2e^2) (1-e^2) + \Upsilon \biggr] \chi^4
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
e^{-4} \biggl\{
\frac{2}{3}\biggl[ \frac{( 4e^2 - 3 )}{(1-e^2)} \biggr] \zeta^4
+ 2\biggl[ (3-e^2) \biggr]\chi^2 \zeta^2
+ \frac{1}{4}\biggl[ - (3 + 2e^2) (1-e^2) \biggr] \chi^4
+
\frac{2}{3}\biggl[ \zeta^4 -3\zeta^2\chi^2 + \frac{3}{8}\chi^4 \biggr]\Upsilon
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~e^{-4} \biggl\{
\frac{2}{3}\biggl[ \frac{( 3-4e^2 )}{(1-e^2)} \biggr] \zeta^4
- 2\biggl[ (3-e^2) \biggr]\chi^2 \zeta^2
+ \frac{1}{4}\biggl[ (3 + 2e^2) (1-e^2) \biggr] \chi^4
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
+~
e^{-4}\biggl\{ \frac{2}{3}\biggl[ (\zeta^2 - \chi^2)(\zeta^2-2\chi^2) - \frac{13}{8}\chi^4 \biggr]\Upsilon
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~e^{-4} \frac{2}{3(1-e^2)}\biggl\{
\biggl[ ( 3-4e^2 ) \biggr] \zeta^4
- 3\biggl[ (3-e^2) \biggr](1-e^2)\chi^2 \zeta^2
+ \frac{3}{8}\biggl[ (3 + 2e^2) \biggr] (1-e^2)^2 \chi^4
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
+~
e^{-4}\biggl\{ \frac{2}{3}\biggl[ (\zeta^2 - \chi^2)(\zeta^2-2\chi^2) - \frac{13}{8}\chi^4 \biggr]\Upsilon
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~ \frac{2e^{-4}}{(1-e^2)}\biggl\{
\zeta^4
- 3 (1-e^2)\chi^2 \zeta^2
+ \frac{3}{8} (1-e^2)^2 \chi^4
\biggr\}
+ ~ \frac{8e^{-2}}{3(1-e^2)}\biggl\{
\zeta^4
- \frac{3}{4} (1-e^2)\chi^2 \zeta^2
- \frac{3}{16} (1-e^2)^2 \chi^4
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
+~
\frac{2e^{-4}}{3}\biggl[ (\zeta^2 - \chi^2)(\zeta^2-2\chi^2) - \frac{13}{8}\chi^4 \biggr]\Upsilon
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~ \frac{2e^{-4}}{(1-e^2)}\biggl\{ \underbrace{
\biggl[\zeta^2 - (1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]\biggl[ \zeta^2 - 2(1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]
- \frac{13}{8}(1-e^2)^2\chi^4}_{-0.038855}
\biggr\}
+ ~ \frac{8e^{-2}}{3(1-e^2)}\biggl\{ \overbrace{
\biggl[\zeta^2 - (1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]\biggl[ \zeta^2 + \frac{1}{4}(1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]
+ \frac{1}{16}(1-e^2)^2\chi^4}^{-0.010124}
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
+~
\frac{2e^{-4}}{3}\biggl[\underbrace{ (\zeta^2 - \chi^2)(\zeta^2-2\chi^2) - \frac{13}{8}\chi^4 }_{-0.061608} \biggr]\Upsilon
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
0.212119014
</math>
([[#Example_Evaluation|example #1]], below) .
</td>
</tr>
</table>
Check #1:
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>
(\zeta^2 - \chi^2)(\zeta^2-2\chi^2) - \frac{13}{8}\chi^4
</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\zeta^4 -3\chi^2\zeta^2 +2\chi^4 - \frac{13}{8}\chi^4
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\zeta^4 -3\chi^2\zeta^2 + \frac{3}{8}\chi^4 \, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
Check #2:
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>
(\zeta^2 - \chi^2)(\zeta^2 + \frac{1}{4}\chi^2) + \frac{1}{16}\chi^4
</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\zeta^4 - \frac{3}{4}\chi^2\zeta^2 - \frac{1}{4}\chi^4 + \frac{1}{16}\chi^4
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\zeta^4 - \frac{3}{4}\chi^2\zeta^2 - \frac{3}{16}\chi^4
</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
====RHS Quadratic Terms (TERM2)====
The quadratic terms on the RHS can be rewritten as,
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="right"><math>A_\ell \chi^2 + A_s \zeta^2</math></td>
<td align="center"><math>=</math></td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\biggl\{ \frac{1}{e^2} \biggl[ \frac{\sin^{-1}e}{e} - (1-e^2)^{1/2} \biggr] (1-e^2)^{1/2} \biggl\}\chi^2
+
\biggr\{ \frac{2}{e^2} \biggl[ (1-e^2)^{-1/2} - \frac{\sin^{-1}e}{e} \biggr] (1-e^2)^{1 / 2} \biggr\}\zeta^2
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"> </td>
<td align="center"><math>=</math></td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\biggl\{ \frac{1}{e^2} \biggl[ (1-e^2)^{1/2}\frac{\sin^{-1}e}{e} - (1-e^2) \biggr] \biggl\}\chi^2
+
\biggr\{ \frac{2}{e^2} \biggl[ 1 - (1-e^2)^{1 / 2} \frac{\sin^{-1}e}{e} \biggr] \biggr\}\zeta^2
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"> </td>
<td align="center"><math>=</math></td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\biggl\{ \frac{1}{3e^2} \biggl[ \Upsilon - 3(1-e^2) \biggr] \biggl\}\chi^2
+
\biggr\{ \frac{2}{3e^2} \biggl[ 3 - \Upsilon \biggr] \biggr\}\zeta^2
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"> </td>
<td align="center"><math>=</math></td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} \biggl[ \chi^2 - 2\zeta^2 \biggr]
+ \chi^2
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"> </td>
<td align="center"><math>=</math></td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} (\chi + \sqrt{2}\zeta)(\chi - \sqrt{2} \zeta)
+ \chi^2
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><math>\mathrm{TERM2}</math></td>
<td align="center"><math>=</math></td>
<td align="left">
<math>
0.401150 ~~~
</math>
([[#Example_Evaluation|example #1]], below) .
</td>
</tr>
</table>
where, again,
<table align="center" border=0 cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>
\Upsilon
</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>
\equiv
</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
3 (1 - e^2)^{1 / 2} \biggl[\frac{\sin^{-1}e}{e}\biggr] = 2.040835
\, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
====Gravitational Potential Rewritten====
In summary, then,
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>\frac{ \Phi_\mathrm{grav}(\chi,\zeta)}{(-\pi G\rho_c a_\ell^2)} </math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{2} I_\mathrm{BT}
- A_\ell \chi^2 - A_s \zeta^2
+ \frac{1}{2}\biggl[(A_{s s} a_\ell^2) \zeta^4
+ 2(A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )\chi^2 \zeta^2
+ (A_{\ell \ell} a_\ell^2) \chi^4 \biggr]
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{3} \Upsilon
-
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} (\chi + \sqrt{2}\zeta)(\chi - \sqrt{2} \zeta)
- \chi^2
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~ \frac{e^{-4}}{(1-e^2)}\biggl\{
\biggl[\zeta^2 - (1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]\biggl[ \zeta^2 - 2(1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]
- \frac{13}{8}(1-e^2)^2\chi^4
\biggr\}
+ ~ \frac{4e^{-2}}{3(1-e^2)}\biggl\{
\biggl[\zeta^2 - (1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]\biggl[ \zeta^2 + \frac{1}{4}(1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]
+ \frac{1}{16}(1-e^2)^2\chi^4
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
+~
\frac{e^{-4}}{3}\biggl[ (\zeta^2 - \chi^2)(\zeta^2-2\chi^2) - \frac{13}{8}\chi^4 \biggr]\Upsilon
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{3} \Upsilon
-
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} (\chi + \sqrt{2}\zeta)(\chi - \sqrt{2} \zeta)
- \chi^2
+ ~ \frac{4}{3e^{2}(1-e^2)}\biggl\{
\biggl[\zeta^2 - (1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]\biggl[ \zeta^2 + \frac{1}{4}(1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]
+ \frac{1}{16}(1-e^2)^2\chi^4
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~ \frac{1}{e^4(1-e^2)}\biggl\{
\biggl[\zeta^2 - (1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]\biggl[ \zeta^2 - 2(1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]
- \frac{13}{8}(1-e^2)^2\chi^4
\biggr\}
+~
\frac{1}{3e^4}\biggl[ (\zeta^2 - \chi^2)(\zeta^2-2\chi^2) - \frac{13}{8}\chi^4 \biggr]\Upsilon
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{3} \Upsilon
-
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} (\chi + \sqrt{2}\zeta)(\chi - \sqrt{2} \zeta)
+ ~ \frac{4}{3e^{2}(1-e^2)}\biggl\{
\biggl[\zeta^2 - (1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]\biggl[ \zeta^2 + \frac{1}{4}(1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~ \frac{1}{e^4(1-e^2)}\biggl\{
\biggl[\zeta^2 - (1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]\biggl[ \zeta^2 - 2(1-e^2)\chi^2\biggr]
\biggr\}
+~
\frac{\Upsilon}{3e^4}\biggl[ (\zeta^2 - \chi^2)(\zeta^2-2\chi^2) \biggr]
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- \chi^2
+ ~ \frac{4}{3e^{2}(1-e^2)}\biggl\{ \frac{1}{16}(1-e^2)^2\chi^4 \biggr\}
+ \frac{1}{e^4(1-e^2)}\biggl\{ \frac{13}{8}(1-e^2)^2\chi^4 \biggr\}
- \frac{\Upsilon}{3e^4}\biggl\{ \frac{13}{8}\chi^4 \biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{3} \Upsilon
-
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} (\chi + \sqrt{2}\zeta)(\chi - \sqrt{2} \zeta)
+ ~ \frac{4(1-e^2)}{3e^{2}}\biggl\{
\biggl[(1-e^2)^{-1}\zeta^2 - \chi^2\biggr]\biggl[(1-e^2)^{-1} \zeta^2 + \frac{1}{4}\chi^2\biggr]
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~ \frac{(1-e^2)}{e^4}\biggl\{
\biggl[(1-e^2)^{-1}\zeta^2 - \chi^2\biggr]\biggl[ (1-e^2)^{-1}\zeta^2 - 2\chi^2\biggr]
\biggr\}
+~
\frac{\Upsilon}{3e^4}\biggl[ (\zeta^2 - \chi^2)(\zeta^2-2\chi^2) \biggr]
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~\chi^2
+ ~ \biggl\{
\frac{(1-e^2)}{12e^{2}}
+ \frac{13(1-e^2)}{8e^4}
- \frac{13\Upsilon}{24e^4} \biggr\}\chi^4
\, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
0.767874 (row 1) + 0.5678833 (row 2) - 0.950574 (row 3)
=
0.3851876 .
</td>
</tr>
</table>
====Example Evaluation====
Let's evaluate these expressions, borrowing from the [[#QuantitativeExample|quantitative example specified above]]. Specifically, we choose,
<table border="0" align="center" width="80%">
<tr>
<td align="center"><math>\frac{a_s}{a_\ell} = 0.582724 \, ,</math></td>
<td align="center"><math>e = 0.81267 \, ,</math></td>
<td align="center"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><math>A_\ell = A_m = 0.51589042 \, ,</math></td>
<td align="center"><math>A_s = 0.96821916 \, ,</math></td>
<td align="center"><math>I_\mathrm{BT} = \frac{2}{3}\Upsilon = 1.360556 \, ,</math></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><math>a_\ell^2 A_{\ell \ell} = 0.3287756 \, ,</math></td>
<td align="center"><math>a_\ell^2 A_{s s} = 1.5066848 \, ,</math></td>
<td align="center"><math>a_\ell^2 A_{\ell s} = 0.6848975 \, .</math></td>
</tr>
</table>
Also, let's set <math>\rho/\rho_c = 0.1</math> and <math>\chi = \chi_1 = 0.75 ~~\Rightarrow ~~ \chi_1^2 = 0.5625</math>. This means that,
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>
\zeta_1^2
</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
(1-e^2)\biggl[1 - \chi^2 - \frac{\rho(\chi, \zeta)}{\rho_c} \biggr]
=
\biggl[1 - (0.81267)^2)\biggr]\biggl[1 - 0.5625 - 0.1\biggr]
=
0.11460
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>
\Rightarrow ~~~ \zeta_1
</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
0.33853 \, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
So, let's evaluate the gravitational potential …
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>\frac{ \Phi_\mathrm{grav}(\chi_1,\zeta_1)}{(-\pi G\rho_c a_\ell^2)} </math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{2} I_\mathrm{BT}
- \biggl[\overbrace{A_\ell \chi^2 + A_s \zeta^2}^{\mathrm{TERM2}} \biggr]
+ \frac{1}{2}\biggl[
\underbrace{(A_{s s} a_\ell^2) \zeta^4 + 2(A_{\ell s}a_\ell^2 )\chi^2 \zeta^2 + (A_{\ell \ell} a_\ell^2) \chi^4 }_{\mathrm{TERM1}}
\biggr]
=
0.385187372
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>\mathrm{TERM1} </math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
0.019788921 + 0.088303509 + 0.104026655 = 0.212119085
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>\mathrm{TERM2} </math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
0.290188361 + 0.110961809
=
0.401150171 \, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
====Replace ζ With Normalized Density====
First, let's readjust the last, 3-row expression for the gravitational potential so that <math>\zeta^2</math> can be readily replaced with the normalized density.
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>\frac{ \Phi_\mathrm{grav}(\chi,\zeta)}{(-\pi G\rho_c a_\ell^2)} </math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{3} \Upsilon
-
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} (\chi^2 - 2\zeta^2)
+ ~ \frac{4(1-e^2)}{3e^{2}}\biggl\{
\biggl[(1-e^2)^{-1}\zeta^2 - \chi^2\biggr]\biggl[(1-e^2)^{-1} \zeta^2 + \frac{1}{4}\chi^2\biggr]
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~ \frac{(1-e^2)}{e^4}\biggl\{
\biggl[(1-e^2)^{-1}\zeta^2 - \chi^2\biggr]\biggl[ (1-e^2)^{-1}\zeta^2 - 2\chi^2\biggr]
\biggr\}
+~
\frac{\Upsilon}{3e^4}\biggl[ (\zeta^2 - \chi^2)(\zeta^2-2\chi^2) \biggr]
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~\chi^2
+ ~ \frac{1}{24e^4}\biggl\{
2 e^2(1-e^2)
+ 39(1-e^2)
- 13\Upsilon \biggr\}\chi^4
\, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
Now make the substitution,
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>\zeta^2</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
(1-e^2)\biggl[1 - \chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr]
\, ,</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
where,
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>\rho^*</math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>\equiv</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{\rho(\chi, \zeta)}{\rho_c}
\, .</math>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
We have,
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>\frac{ \Phi_\mathrm{grav}(\chi,\zeta)}{(-\pi G\rho_c a_\ell^2)} </math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{3} \Upsilon
-
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} \biggl\{ \chi^2 - 2(1-e^2)\biggl[1 - \chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr] \biggr\}
+ ~ \frac{4(1-e^2)}{3e^{2}}
\biggl\{\biggl[1 - \chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr] - \chi^2\biggr\}\biggl\{\biggl[1 - \chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr] + \frac{1}{4}\chi^2\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~ \frac{(1-e^2)}{e^4}
\biggl\{\biggl[1 - \chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr] - \chi^2\biggr\}\biggl\{ \biggl[1 - \chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr] - 2\chi^2\biggr\}
+~
\frac{\Upsilon}{3e^4}\biggl\{ (1-e^2)\biggl[1 - \chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr] - \chi^2\biggr\}
\biggl\{(1-e^2)\biggl[1 - \chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr] - 2\chi^2 \biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~\chi^2
+ ~ \frac{1}{24e^4}\biggl\{
2 e^2(1-e^2)
+ 39(1-e^2)
- 13\Upsilon \biggr\}\chi^4
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{3} \Upsilon
-
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} \biggl\{ -2+2e^2 + (3-2e^2)\chi^2 + (2-2e^2)\rho^* \biggr\}
+ ~ \frac{4(1-e^2)}{3e^{2}}
\biggl\{1 - 2\chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr\}\biggl\{1 - \frac{3}{4}\chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~ \frac{(1-e^2)}{e^4}
\biggl\{1 - 2\chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr\}\biggl\{ 1 - 3\chi^2 - \rho^* \biggr\}
+~
\frac{\Upsilon}{3e^4}\biggl\{ (1-e^2) - (2-e^2)\chi^2 - (1-e^2)\rho^* \biggr\}
\biggl\{(1-e^2) - (3-e^2)\chi^2 - (1-e^2)\rho^* \biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~\chi^2
+ ~ \frac{1}{24e^4}\biggl\{
39 - 37e^2
- 2e^4
- 13\Upsilon \biggr\}\chi^4
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{3} \Upsilon
-
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} \biggl\{ -2 + 3\chi^2 + 2\rho^* + 2e^2\biggl[1 -\chi^2 -\rho^* \biggr] \biggr\}
+ ~ \frac{4(1-e^2)}{3e^{2}}
\biggl\{1 - 2\chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr\}\biggl\{1 - \frac{3}{4}\chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~ \frac{(1-e^2)}{e^4}
\biggl\{1 - 2\chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr\}\biggl\{ 1 - 3\chi^2 - \rho^* \biggr\}
+~
\biggl\{ \frac{\Upsilon}{3e^4}\biggl[ 1 - 2\chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr] + \frac{\Upsilon}{3e^2}\biggl[ - 1 + \chi^2 + \rho^* \biggr] \biggr\}
\biggl\{(1-e^2) - (3-e^2)\chi^2 - (1-e^2)\rho^* \biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~\chi^2
+ ~ \frac{1}{24e^4}\biggl\{
39 - 37e^2
- 2e^4
- 13\Upsilon \biggr\}\chi^4
\, .
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
0.767874 (row 1) + 0.5678833 (row 2) - 0.950574 (row 3)
=
0.3851876 .
</td>
</tr>
</table>
Now, let's group together like terms and examine, in particular, whether the coefficient of the cross-product, <math>\chi^2 \rho^*)</math>, goes to zero.
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="right">
<math>\frac{ \Phi_\mathrm{grav}(\chi,\zeta)}{(-\pi G\rho_c a_\ell^2)} </math>
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{3} \Upsilon
-
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} \biggl\{2e^2 -2 + (2 - 2e^2)\rho^* \biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
+ ~
\biggl[1 - 2\chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr]
\biggl\{ \frac{4(1-e^2)}{3e^{2}}\biggl[1 - \frac{3}{4}\chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr]
- ~ \frac{(1-e^2)}{e^4}\biggl[ 1 - 3\chi^2 - \rho^* \biggr]
+ \biggl[\frac{\Upsilon}{3e^4} - \frac{\Upsilon}{3e^2}\biggr]\biggl[(1-e^2) - (3-e^2)\chi^2 - (1-e^2)\rho^* \biggr]
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
-~
\biggl\{ \frac{\Upsilon}{3e^2} \biggr\}\biggl[(1-e^2) - (3-e^2)\chi^2 - (1-e^2)\rho^* \biggr]\chi^2
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~\chi^2
+ ~ \frac{1}{24e^4}\biggl\{
39 - 37e^2
- 2e^4
- 13\Upsilon \biggr\}\chi^4
-
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} \biggl\{ 3\chi^2 - 2e^2\chi^2 \biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{3} \Upsilon
+
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} \biggl\{2(1 - e^2)(1 - \rho^*) \biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
+ ~
\biggl[1 - 2\chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr]
\frac{(1-e^2)}{3e^{4}}\biggl\{ 4e^2\biggl[1 - \frac{3}{4}\chi^2 - \rho^*\biggr]
- 3\biggl[ 1 - 3\chi^2 - \rho^* \biggr]
+ \Upsilon \biggl[(1-e^2) - (3-e^2)\chi^2 - (1-e^2)\rho^* \biggr]
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
+~ \biggl\{ \frac{\Upsilon}{3e^2} \biggr\}\biggl[(1-e^2)\rho^* \biggr]\chi^2
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~\chi^2
+ ~ \frac{1}{24e^4}\biggl\{
39 - 37e^2
- 2e^4
- 13\Upsilon \biggr\}\chi^4
-
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} \biggl\{ 3\chi^2 - 2e^2\chi^2 \biggr\}
-~ \biggl\{ \frac{\Upsilon}{3e^2} \biggr\}\biggl[(1-e^2) - (3-e^2)\chi^2 \biggr]\chi^2
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
<math>=</math>
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
\frac{1}{3} \Upsilon
+
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} \biggl\{2(1 - e^2)(1 - \rho^*) \biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
+ ~
\biggl[(1 - \rho^*) \biggr]
\frac{(1-e^2)}{3e^{4}}\biggl\{
\biggl[4e^2 - 3 + \Upsilon (1-e^2)\biggr] (1 - \rho^* )
\biggr\}
+ ~
\biggl[- 2\chi^2\biggr]
\frac{(1-e^2)}{3e^{4}}\biggl\{
\biggl[4e^2 - 3 + \Upsilon (1-e^2)\biggr] (1 - \rho^* )
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
+ ~
\biggl[(1 - \rho^*) \biggr]
\frac{(1-e^2)}{3e^{4}}\biggl\{
\biggl[- 3e^2 +9 - (3-e^2)\Upsilon \biggr]\chi^2
\biggr\}
+ ~
\biggl[- 2\chi^2\biggr]
\frac{(1-e^2)}{3e^{4}}\biggl\{
\biggl[- 3e^2 +9 - (3-e^2)\Upsilon \biggr]\chi^2
\biggr\}
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
+~ \biggl[ \frac{\Upsilon(1-e^2)}{3e^2} \biggr]\rho^*\chi^2
</math>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
</td>
<td align="center">
</td>
<td align="left">
<math>
- ~\chi^2
+ ~ \frac{1}{24e^4}\biggl\{
39 - 37e^2
- 2e^4
- 13\Upsilon \biggr\}\chi^4
-
\frac{(\Upsilon - 3)}{3e^2} \biggl\{ 3\chi^2 - 2e^2\chi^2 \biggr\}
-~ \biggl\{ \frac{\Upsilon}{3e^2} \biggr\}\biggl[(1-e^2) - (3-e^2)\chi^2 \biggr]\chi^2
</math>
</td>
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
Parabolic Density Distribution
Axisymmetric (Oblate) Equilibrium Structures
Tentative Summary
Known Relations
Density:
ρ ( ϖ , z ) ρ c
=
[ 1 − χ 2 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] ,
Gravitational Potential:
Φ g r a v ( ϖ , z ) ( − π G ρ c a ℓ 2 )
=
1 2 I B T − A ℓ χ 2 − A s ζ 2 + 1 2 [ ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 4 + 2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) χ 2 ζ 2 + ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) χ 4 ] .
Vertical Pressure Gradient:
[ 1 ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] ∂ P ∂ ζ
=
ρ ρ c ⋅ [ 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 ζ − 2 A s ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 ]
where, χ ≡ ϖ / a ℓ and ζ ≡ z / a ℓ , and the relevant index symbol expressions are:
I B T
=
2 A ℓ + A s ( 1 − e 2 ) = 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) 1 / 2 [ sin − 1 e e ] ;
A ℓ
=
1 e 2 [ sin − 1 e e − ( 1 − e 2 ) 1 / 2 ] ( 1 − e 2 ) 1 / 2 ;
A s
=
2 e 2 [ ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 / 2 − sin − 1 e e ] ( 1 − e 2 ) 1 / 2 ;
a ℓ 2 A ℓ ℓ
=
1 4 e 4 { − ( 3 + 2 e 2 ) ( 1 − e 2 ) + 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) 1 / 2 [ sin − 1 e e ] } ;
3 2 a ℓ 2 A s s
=
( 4 e 2 − 3 ) e 4 ( 1 − e 2 ) + 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) 1 / 2 e 4 [ sin − 1 e e ] ;
a ℓ 2 A ℓ s
=
1 e 4 { ( 3 − e 2 ) − 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) 1 / 2 [ sin − 1 e e ] } ,
where the eccentricity,
Drawing from our separate "6th Try " discussion — and as has been highlighted here for example — for the axisymmetric configurations under consideration, the e ^ z and e ^ ϖ components of the Euler equation become, respectively,
e ^ z :
0
=
[ 1 ρ ∂ P ∂ z + ∂ Φ ∂ z ]
e ^ ϖ :
j 2 ϖ 3
=
[ 1 ρ ∂ P ∂ ϖ + ∂ Φ ∂ ϖ ]
Multiplying through by length ( a ℓ ) and dividing through by the square of the velocity ( π G ρ c a ℓ 2 ) , we have,
e ^ z :
0
=
[ 1 ρ ∂ P ∂ z + ∂ Φ ∂ z ] a ℓ ( π G ρ c a ℓ 2 )
=
ρ c ρ ⋅ ∂ ∂ ζ [ P ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] − ∂ ∂ ζ [ Φ ( − π G ρ c a ℓ 2 ) ]
e ^ ϖ :
j 2 ϖ 3 ⋅ a ℓ ( π G ρ c a ℓ 2 )
=
[ 1 ρ ∂ P ∂ ϖ + ∂ Φ ∂ ϖ ] a ℓ ( π G ρ c a ℓ 2 )
⇒ 1 χ 3 ⋅ j 2 ( π G ρ c a ℓ 4 )
=
ρ c ρ ⋅ ∂ ∂ χ [ P ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] − ∂ ∂ χ [ Φ ( − π G ρ c a ℓ 2 ) ]
8th Try
Foundation
Density:
ρ * ≡ ρ ( χ , ζ ) ρ c
=
[ 1 − χ 2 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] ,
Gravitational Potential:
Φ g r a v ( χ , ζ ) ( − π G ρ c a ℓ 2 )
=
1 2 I B T − A ℓ χ 2 − A s ζ 2 + 1 2 [ ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 4 + 2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) χ 2 ζ 2 + ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) χ 4 ] .
Complete the Square
Again, let's rewrite the term inside square brackets on the RHS of the expression for the gravitational potential,
[ ] R H S
≡
[ ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 4 + 2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) χ 2 ζ 2 + ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) χ 4 ] ,
in such a way that we effectively "complete the square." Assuming that the desired expression takes the form,
[ ] R H S
=
[ ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2 ζ 2 + B χ 2 ] [ ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2 ζ 2 + C χ 2 ]
=
( A s s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 4 + ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2 ( B + C ) ζ 2 χ 2 + B C χ 4 ,
we see that we must have,
( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2 ( B + C )
=
2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 )
⇒ B
=
2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2 − C ;
and we must also have,
B C
=
( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 )
⇒ B
=
( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) C .
Hence,
( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) C
=
2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2 − C
⇒ 0
=
C 2 − 2 [ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2 ] C + ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) .
The pair of roots of this quadratic expression are,
C ±
=
[ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2 ] ± 1 2 { 4 [ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) 2 ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) ] − 4 ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) } 1 / 2
=
( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2 { 1 ± [ 1 − ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) 2 ] 1 / 2 }
⇒ C ± ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2
=
( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) { 1 ± [ 1 − ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) 2 ] 1 / 2 } .
Also, then,
B ± ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2
=
2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) − C ± ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2
=
2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) − ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) { 1 ± [ 1 − ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) 2 ] 1 / 2 }
=
( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) { 1 ∓ [ 1 − ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) 2 ] 1 / 2 } .
NOTE: Given that ,
( A s s a ℓ 2 )
=
2 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 2 3 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 )
and,
( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 )
=
1 2 − 1 4 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ,
we can write,
Lambda vs Eccentricity
Λ ≡ ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) 2
=
1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) 2 { [ 2 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 2 3 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ] [ 1 2 − 1 4 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ] }
=
1 6 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) 2 { 1 ( 1 − e 2 ) [ 2 − ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ] − ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) [ 2 − ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ] }
=
1 6 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) 2 { [ 1 ( 1 − e 2 ) − ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ] [ 2 − ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ] }
In summary, then, we can write,
B ± ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2
=
( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) [ 1 ∓ ( 1 − Λ ) 1 / 2 ]
and,
C ± ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2
=
( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) [ 1 ± ( 1 − Λ ) 1 / 2 ] ,
where, as illustrated by the inset "Lambda vs Eccentricity" plot, for all values of the eccentricity ( 0 < e ≤ 1 ) , the quantity, Λ , is greater than unity. It is clear, then, that both roots of the relevant quadratic equation are complex — i.e., they have imaginary components. But that's okay because the coefficients that appear in the right-hand-side, bracketed quartic expression appear in the combinations,
( B C ) ±
=
( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) 2 ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) [ 1 − ( 1 − Λ ) 1 / 2 ] [ 1 + ( 1 − Λ ) 1 / 2 ] = ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) 2 ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) [ Λ ] = ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) ,
( B + C ) ±
=
( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2 [ 1 ∓ ( 1 − Λ ) 1 / 2 ] + ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2 [ 1 ± ( 1 − Λ ) 1 / 2 ] = 2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) 1 / 2 ,
both of which are real.
9th Try
Starting Key Relations
Density:
ρ ( ϖ , z ) ρ c
=
[ 1 − χ 2 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] ,
Gravitational Potential:
Φ g r a v ( ϖ , z ) ( − π G ρ c a ℓ 2 )
=
1 2 I B T − A ℓ χ 2 − A s ζ 2 + 1 2 [ ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 4 + 2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) χ 2 ζ 2 + ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) χ 4 ] .
Vertical Pressure Gradient:
[ 1 ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] ∂ P ∂ ζ
=
ρ ρ c ⋅ [ 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 ζ − 2 A s ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 ]
Play With Vertical Pressure Gradient
[ 1 ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] ∂ P ∂ ζ
=
[ 1 − χ 2 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] [ 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 ζ − 2 A s ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 ]
=
[ ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − 2 A s ) ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 ] − χ 2 [ ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − 2 A s ) ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 ] − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 [ ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − 2 A s ) ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 ]
=
( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − 2 A s ) ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 − ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 4 − 2 A s χ 2 ) ζ − 2 A s s a ℓ 2 χ 2 ζ 3 − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 [ ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − 2 A s ) ζ 3 + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 5 ]
=
[ ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − 2 A s ) − ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 4 − 2 A s χ 2 ) ] ζ + [ 2 A s s a ℓ 2 − 2 A s s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − 2 A s ) ] ζ 3 + [ − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ] ζ 5 .
Integrate over ζ gives …
[ 1 ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] ∫ [ ∂ P ∂ ζ ] d ζ
=
[ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − A s ) − ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 4 − A s χ 2 ) ] ζ 2 + 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 − A s s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − A s ) ] ζ 4 + 1 3 [ − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s s a ℓ 2 ] ζ 6 + c o n s t
=
[ − A s ζ 2 + 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 + 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ζ 4 − 1 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 6 ] χ 0 + [ A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 + A s ζ 2 − 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 − 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) ] χ 2 + [ − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ] χ 4 + c o n s t .
Now Play With Radial Pressure Gradient
[ 1 ( − π G ρ c a ℓ 2 ) ] ∂ Φ ∂ χ
=
ρ ρ c ⋅ { − 2 A ℓ χ + 1 2 [ 4 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 2 χ + 4 ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) χ 3 ] }
=
2 [ 1 − χ 2 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] [ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) χ + A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 χ 3 ]
=
2 [ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) χ + A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 χ 3 ] − 2 χ 2 [ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) χ + A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 χ 3 ] − 2 ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 [ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) χ + A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 χ 3 ]
=
2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) χ + 2 [ A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 + ( A ℓ − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ) ] χ 3 − 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 χ 5 + 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 [ ( A ℓ ζ 2 − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) χ − A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ζ 2 χ 3 ]
=
2 [ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ ζ 2 − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) ] χ + 2 [ A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 + ( A ℓ − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ) − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ] χ 3 − 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 χ 5
Add a term j 2 ∼ ( j 4 2 χ 4 + j 6 2 χ 6 ) to account for centrifugal acceleration …
[ 1 ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] ∂ P ∂ χ = [ 1 ( − π G ρ c a ℓ 2 ) ] ∂ Φ ∂ χ + j 2 χ 3 [ ρ ρ c ]
=
2 [ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ ζ 2 − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) ] χ + 2 [ A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 + ( A ℓ − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ) − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ] χ 3 − 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 χ 5 + j 2 χ 3 [ 1 − χ 2 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ]
=
2 [ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ ζ 2 − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) ] χ + 2 [ A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 + ( A ℓ − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ) − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ] χ 3 − 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 χ 5
+ ( j 4 2 χ 4 + j 6 2 χ 6 ) χ 3 − ( j 4 2 χ 4 + j 6 2 χ 6 ) χ 3 [ χ 2 ] − ( j 4 2 χ 4 + j 6 2 χ 6 ) χ 3 [ ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ]
=
2 [ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ ζ 2 − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) ] χ + 2 [ A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 + ( A ℓ − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ) − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ] χ 3 − 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 χ 5
+ ( j 4 2 χ + j 6 2 χ 3 ) − ( j 4 2 χ + j 6 2 χ 3 ) [ ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] − ( j 4 2 χ 3 + j 6 2 χ 5 )
=
2 [ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ ζ 2 − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) ] χ + 2 [ A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 + ( A ℓ − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ) − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ] χ 3 − 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 χ 5
− [ j 4 2 ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 − j 4 2 ] χ − [ j 4 2 + j 6 2 ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 − j 6 2 ] χ 3 − [ j 6 2 ] χ 5
=
[ 2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) + 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ ζ 2 − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) − j 4 2 ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + j 4 2 ] χ
+ [ 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 + 2 ( A ℓ − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ) − 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − j 4 2 − j 6 2 ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + j 6 2 ] χ 3 + [ − j 6 2 − 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ] χ 5
Integrate over χ gives …
[ 1 ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] ∫ [ ∂ P ∂ χ ] d χ
=
[ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ ζ 2 − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) − 1 2 j 4 2 ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 1 2 j 4 2 ] χ 2
+ [ 1 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 + 1 2 ( A ℓ − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ) − 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − 1 4 j 4 2 − 1 4 j 6 2 ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 1 4 j 6 2 ] χ 4 − [ 1 6 j 6 2 + 1 3 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ] χ 6
Compare Pair of Integrations
Integration over ζ
Integration over χ
χ 0
− A s ζ 2 + 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 + 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ζ 4 − 1 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 6
none
χ 2
A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 + A s ζ 2 − 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 − 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 )
( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ ζ 2 − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) − 1 2 j 4 2 ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 1 2 j 4 2
χ 4
− A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2
1 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 + 1 2 ( A ℓ − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ) − 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − 1 4 j 4 2 − 1 4 j 6 2 ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 1 4 j 6 2
χ 6
none
− 1 6 j 6 2 − 1 3 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2
Try, j 6 2 = [ − 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ] and 1 2 j 4 2 = [ A ℓ + ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 2 ] .
Integration over ζ
Integration over χ
χ 0
− A s ζ 2 + 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 + 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ζ 4 − 1 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 6
none
χ 2
A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 + A s ζ 2 − 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 − 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 )
( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ ζ 2 − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) − 1 2 j 4 2 ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 1 2 j 4 2
=
( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ ζ 2 − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) − [ A ℓ + ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 2 ] ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + [ A ℓ + ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 2 ]
=
2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 2 [ 1 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ]
χ 4
− A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2
1 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 + 1 2 ( A ℓ − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ) − 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − 1 4 j 4 2 − 1 4 [ − 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ] ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 1 4 [ − 2 A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ]
=
1 4 [ 2 ( A ℓ − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ) − 2 [ A ℓ + ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 2 ] ] = − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2
χ 6
none
0
What expression for j 4 2 is required in order to ensure that the χ 2 term is the same in both columns?
1 2 j 4 2 [ 1 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ]
=
[ A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 + A s ζ 2 − 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 − 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) ] − [ ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 − A ℓ ) + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ ζ 2 − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) ]
=
[ A s ζ 2 − 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 − 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) ] + [ ( A ℓ ) − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ ζ 2 ) + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) ]
=
[ A s ζ 2 − 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 + 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 4 ] + A ℓ [ 1 − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ζ 2 ]
⇒ 1 2 j 4 2 [ 1 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] − A ℓ [ 1 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ]
=
1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 4 + [ A s ] ζ 2 − 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 ] ζ 4
Now, considering the following three relations …
3 2 ( A s s a ℓ 2 )
=
( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 − ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ;
A s
=
A ℓ + e 2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ;
e 2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 )
=
2 − 3 A ℓ ;
we can write,
1 2 j 4 2 [ 1 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] − A ℓ [ 1 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ]
=
1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 4 + [ A ℓ + e 2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ] ζ 2 − 1 3 [ ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 − ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ] ζ 4
⇒ 3 j 4 2 [ 1 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] − 3 A ℓ [ 2 − 2 ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ]
=
3 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 4 + 6 [ A ℓ + e 2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ] ζ 2 − 2 [ ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 − ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) ] ζ 4
=
( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) { 2 ζ 4 + 3 ζ 4 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 6 e 2 ζ 2 } − 2 ζ 4 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 6 A ℓ ζ 2
=
− 2 ζ 4 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 6 A ℓ ζ 2 + [ 2 − 3 A ℓ ] { 2 ζ 4 + 3 ζ 4 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 6 e 2 ζ 2 } 1 e 2
=
− 2 ζ 4 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 − 3 A ℓ { 2 ζ 4 + 3 ζ 4 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 4 e 2 ζ 2 } 1 e 2 + { 4 ζ 4 + 6 ζ 4 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 1 2 e 2 ζ 2 } 1 e 2
⇒ 3 j 4 2 [ 1 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ]
=
− 2 ζ 4 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 3 A ℓ ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 e 2 { [ 2 e 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 2 e 2 ζ 2 ] − [ 2 ζ 4 ( 1 − e 2 ) + 3 ζ 4 + 4 e 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ 2 ] } + { 4 ζ 4 + 6 ζ 4 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 + 1 2 e 2 ζ 2 } 1 e 2
10th Try
Repeating Key Relations
Density:
ρ ( ϖ , z ) ρ c
=
[ 1 − χ 2 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] ,
Gravitational Potential:
Φ g r a v ( ϖ , z ) ( − π G ρ c a ℓ 2 )
=
1 2 I B T − A ℓ χ 2 − A s ζ 2 + 1 2 [ ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) ζ 4 + 2 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) χ 2 ζ 2 + ( A ℓ ℓ a ℓ 2 ) χ 4 ] .
Vertical Pressure Gradient:
[ 1 ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] ∂ P ∂ ζ
=
ρ ρ c ⋅ [ 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 ζ − 2 A s ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 ]
From the above (9th Try) examination of the vertical pressure gradient, we determined that a reasonably good approximation for the normalized pressure throughout the configuration is given by the expression,
[ 1 ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] ∫ [ ∂ P ∂ ζ ] d ζ
=
[ − A s ζ 2 + 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 + 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ζ 4 − 1 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 6 ] χ 0 + [ A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 + A s ζ 2 − 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 − 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 ) ] χ 2 + [ − A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 ] χ 4 + c o n s t .
If we set χ = 0 — that is, if we look along the vertical axis — this approximation should be particularly good, resulting in the expression,
P z ≡ { [ 1 ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] ∫ [ ∂ P ∂ ζ ] d ζ } χ = 0
=
P c * − A s ζ 2 + 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 + 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ζ 4 − 1 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 6 .
Note that in the limit that z → a s — that is, at the pole along the vertical (symmetry) axis where the P z should drop to zero — we should set ζ → ( 1 − e 2 ) 1 / 2 . This allows us to determine the central pressure.
P c *
=
A s ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 − 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 + 1 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) 3
=
A s ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 2 A s ( 1 − e 2 ) + 1 3 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 − 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) 2
=
1 2 A s ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 6 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 .
This means that, along the vertical axis, the pressure gradient is,
P z ≡ { [ 1 ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] ∫ [ ∂ P ∂ ζ ] d ζ } χ = 0
=
P c * − A s ζ 2 + 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 + 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ζ 4 − 1 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 6 .
∂ P z ∂ ζ
=
− 2 A s ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 + 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ζ 3 − 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 5 .
This should match the more general "vertical pressure gradient " expression when we set, χ = 0 , that is,
{ [ 1 ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] ∂ P ∂ ζ } χ = 0
=
[ 1 − χ 2 0 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] ⋅ [ 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ χ 2 0 − 2 A s ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 ]
=
[ − 2 A s ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 ] + ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 [ 2 A s ζ − 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 ]
Yes! The expressions match!
Shift to ξ1 Coordinate
In an accompanying chapter , we defined the coordinate,
( ξ 1 a s ) 2
≡
( ϖ a ℓ ) 2 + ( z a s ) 2 = χ 2 + ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 .
Given that we want the pressure to be constant on ξ 1 surfaces, it seems plausible that ζ 2 should be replaced by ( 1 − e 2 ) ( ξ 1 / a s ) 2 = [ ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 2 + ζ 2 ] in the expression for P z . That is, we might expect the expression for the pressure at any point in the meridional plane to be,
P t e s t 0 1
=
P c * − A s [ ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 2 + ζ 2 ] 1 + 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] [ ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 2 + ζ 2 ] 2 − 1 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s s a ℓ 2 [ ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 2 + ζ 2 ] 3
=
P c * − A s [ ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 2 + ζ 2 ] 1 + 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] [ ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 χ 4 + 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 2 ζ 2 + ζ 4 ] − 1 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s s a ℓ 2 [ ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 2 + ζ 2 ] [ ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 χ 4 + 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 2 ζ 2 + ζ 4 ]
=
P c * − A s [ ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 2 + ζ 2 ] + 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] [ ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 χ 4 + 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 2 ζ 2 + ζ 4 ]
− 1 3 A s s a ℓ 2 [ ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 χ 6 + 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 4 ζ 2 + χ 2 ζ 4 ] − 1 3 A s s a ℓ 2 [ ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 4 ζ 2 + 2 χ 2 ζ 4 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ζ 6 ]
=
χ 0 { P c * − A s ζ 2 + 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] ζ 4 − 1 3 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ζ 6 } + χ 2 { − A s ( 1 − e 2 ) + 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ 2 − 1 3 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 − 2 3 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 }
+ χ 4 { 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 − 2 3 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ 2 − 1 3 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ 2 } + χ 6 { − 1 3 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 }
=
χ 0 { P c * − A s ζ 2 + 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] ζ 4 − 1 3 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ζ 6 } + χ 2 { − A s ( 1 − e 2 ) + 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ 2 − A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 }
+ χ 4 { 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 − A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ 2 } + χ 6 { − 1 3 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 }
Integration over ζ
Pressure Guess
χ 0
− A s ζ 2 + 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 + 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ζ 4 − 1 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 6
P c * − A s ζ 2 + 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] ζ 4 − 1 3 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ζ 6
χ 2
A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2 + A s ζ 2 − 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 − 1 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 )
− A s ( 1 − e 2 ) + 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ 2 − A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4
χ 4
− A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ζ 2
1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 − A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ 2
χ 6
none
− 1 3 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) 2
Compare Vertical Pressure Gradient Expressions
From our above (9th try) derivation we know that the vertical pressure gradient is given by the expression,
[ 1 ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] ∂ P ∂ ζ
=
[ 1 − χ 2 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] [ 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 ζ − 2 A s ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 ]
=
[ ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − 2 A s ) − ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 4 − 2 A s χ 2 ) ] ζ + [ 2 A s s a ℓ 2 − 2 A s s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − 2 A s ) ] ζ 3 + [ − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ] ζ 5 .
=
[ 2 A s ( χ 2 − 1 ) + 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − χ 2 ) χ 2 ] ζ + [ 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − χ 2 ) − 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 χ 2 + 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] ζ 3 + [ − 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] ζ 5 .
By comparison, the vertical derivative of our "test01" pressure expression gives,
P t e s t 0 1
=
χ 0 { P c * − A s ζ 2 + 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] ζ 4 − 1 3 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ζ 6 } + χ 2 { − A s ( 1 − e 2 ) + 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ 2 − A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 4 }
+ χ 4 { 1 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 − A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ 2 } + χ 6 { − 1 3 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 }
⇒ ∂ P t e s t 0 1 ∂ ζ
=
χ 0 { − 2 A s ζ + 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] ζ 3 − 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ζ 5 } + χ 2 { 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ − 4 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 } + χ 4 { − 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ }
=
ζ 1 { − 2 A s + 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 2 − 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 4 } + ζ 3 { 2 [ A s s a ℓ 2 + ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] − 4 A s s a ℓ 2 χ 2 } + ζ 5 { − 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 }
=
ζ 1 { 2 A s ( χ 2 − 1 ) + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 2 ( 1 − χ 2 ) } + ζ 3 { 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − 2 χ 2 ) + 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s } + ζ 5 { − 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 }
Instead, try …
P t e s t 0 2 P c
=
p 2 ( ρ ρ c ) 2 + p 3 ( ρ ρ c ) 3
⇒ ∂ ∂ ζ [ P t e s t 0 2 P c ]
=
2 p 2 ( ρ ρ c ) ∂ ∂ ζ [ ρ ρ c ] + 3 p 3 ( ρ ρ c ) 2 ∂ ∂ ζ [ ρ ρ c ]
=
( ρ ρ c ) { 2 p 2 + 3 p 3 ( ρ ρ c ) } ∂ ∂ ζ [ ρ ρ c ]
=
( ρ ρ c ) { 2 p 2 + 3 p 3 [ 1 − χ 2 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] } ∂ ∂ ζ [ 1 − χ 2 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ]
=
( ρ ρ c ) { ( 2 p 2 + 3 p 3 ) − 3 p 3 χ 2 − 3 p 3 ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 } [ − 2 ζ ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ]
=
( ρ ρ c ) ( 1 − e 2 ) − 2 { 6 p 3 χ 2 ζ ( 1 − e 2 ) − 2 ( 2 p 2 + 3 p 3 ) ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ + 6 p 3 ζ 3 }
Compare the term inside the curly braces with the term, from the beginning of this subsection, inside the square brackets, namely,
2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 ζ − 2 A s ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3
=
2 e 4 [ ( 3 − e 2 ) − Υ ] χ 2 ζ − [ 4 e 2 ( 1 − 1 3 Υ ) ] ζ + 4 3 e 4 [ 4 e 2 − 3 ( 1 − e 2 ) + Υ ] ζ 3
=
1 3 e 4 ( 1 − e 2 ) { 6 [ ( 3 − e 2 ) − Υ ] ( 1 − e 2 ) χ 2 ζ − [ 1 2 e 2 ( 1 − 1 3 Υ ) ] ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ + 4 [ ( 4 e 2 − 3 ) + Υ ] ζ 3 } .
Pretty Close!!
Alternatively: according to the third term, we need to set,
6 p 3
=
4 [ ( 4 e 2 − 3 ) + Υ ]
⇒ Υ
=
3 2 p 3 + ( 3 − 4 e 2 )
in which case, the first coefficient must be given by the expression,
[ ( 3 − e 2 ) − Υ ]
=
( 3 − e 2 ) − 3 2 p 3 + ( 4 e 2 − 3 ) ] = [ 3 e 2 − 3 2 p 3 ] .
And, from the second coefficient, we find,
2 ( 2 p 2 + 3 p 3 )
=
[ 1 2 e 2 ( 1 − 1 3 Υ ) ]
⇒ 2 p 2
=
2 e 2 ( 3 − Υ ) − 3 p 3
=
− 3 p 3 + 6 e 2 − 2 e 2 [ 3 2 p 3 + ( 3 − 4 e 2 ) ]
=
− 3 p 3 + 6 e 2 − [ 3 e 2 p 3 + 6 e 2 − 8 e 4 ]
=
8 e 4 − 3 p 3 ( 1 + e 2 ) ;
or,
p 2
=
4 e 4 − ( 1 + e 2 ) [ ( 4 e 2 − 3 ) + Υ ]
=
4 e 4 − ( 1 + e 2 ) ( 4 e 2 − 3 ) − ( 1 + e 2 ) Υ
=
4 e 4 − [ 4 e 2 − 3 + 4 e 4 − 3 e 2 ] − ( 1 + e 2 ) Υ
=
3 − e 2 − ( 1 + e 2 ) Υ
SUMMARY:
P t e s t 0 2 P c
=
p 2 ( ρ ρ c ) 2 + p 3 ( ρ ρ c ) 3 ,
p 2
=
3 − e 2 − ( 1 + e 2 ) Υ = e 4 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) − e 2 Υ ,
p 3
=
2 3 [ ( 4 e 2 − 3 ) + Υ ] = e 4 ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) + 2 3 e 2 Υ .
Note: according to the first term, we need to set,
p 3
=
[ ( 3 − e 2 ) − Υ ]
⇒ Υ
=
[ ( 3 − e 2 ) − p 3 ] ,
in which case, the third coefficient must be given by the expression,
4 [ ( 4 e 2 − 3 ) + Υ ]
=
4 [ ( 4 e 2 − 3 ) + ( 3 − e 2 ) − p 3 ] = 4 [ 3 e 2 − p 3 ] .
And, from the second coefficient, we find,
2 ( 2 p 2 + 3 p 3 )
=
[ 1 2 e 2 ( 1 − 1 3 Υ ) ]
⇒ 2 p 2
=
2 e 2 ( 3 − Υ ) − 3 p 3
=
2 e 2 [ 3 − [ ( 3 − e 2 ) − p 3 ] ] − 3 p 3
=
2 e 2 [ e 2 + p 3 ] − 3 p 3
=
2 e 4 + ( 2 e 2 − 3 ) p 3 ;
or,
2 p 2
=
2 e 4 + ( 2 e 2 − 3 ) [ ( 3 − e 2 ) − Υ ]
=
2 e 4 + ( 2 e 2 − 3 ) ( 3 − e 2 ) − ( 2 e 2 − 3 ) Υ
=
2 e 4 + ( 6 e 2 − 2 e 4 − 9 + 3 e 2 ) − ( 2 e 2 − 3 ) Υ
=
9 ( e 2 − 1 ) − ( 2 e 2 − 3 ) Υ
Better yet, try …
P t e s t 0 3 P c
=
p 2 ( ρ ρ c ) 2 [ 1 − β ( 1 − ρ ρ c ) ] = p 2 ( ρ ρ c ) 2 [ ( 1 − β ) + β ( ρ ρ c ) ]
⇒ ∂ ∂ ζ [ P t e s t 0 3 P c ]
=
⋯
where, in the case of a spherically symmetric parabolic-density configuration , β = 1 / 2 . Well … this wasn't a bad idea, but as it turns out, this "test03" expression is no different from the "test02" guess. Specifically, the "test03" expression can be rewritten as,
P t e s t 0 3 P c
=
p 2 ( 1 − β ) ( ρ ρ c ) 2 + p 2 β ( ρ ρ c ) 3 ,
which has the same form as the "test02" expression.
Test04
From above, we understand that, analytically,
[ 1 ( π G ρ c 2 a ℓ 2 ) ] ∂ P ∂ ζ
=
[ 1 − χ 2 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] [ 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 ζ − 2 A s ζ + 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ζ 3 ]
=
[ ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − 2 A s ) − ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 4 − 2 A s χ 2 ) ] ζ + [ 2 A s s a ℓ 2 − 2 A s s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ( 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 χ 2 − 2 A s ) ] ζ 3 + [ − ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ] ζ 5
=
[ 2 A s ( χ 2 − 1 ) + 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − χ 2 ) χ 2 ] ζ + [ 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − χ 2 ) − 2 A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 χ 2 + 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 A s ] ζ 3 + [ − 2 A s s a ℓ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ] ζ 5 .
Also from above, we have shown that if,
P t e s t 0 2 P c
=
p 2 ( ρ ρ c ) 2 + p 3 ( ρ ρ c ) 3
SUMMARY from test02:
p 2
=
3 − e 2 − ( 1 + e 2 ) Υ = e 4 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) − e 2 Υ ,
p 3
=
2 3 [ ( 4 e 2 − 3 ) + Υ ] = e 4 ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) + 2 3 e 2 Υ .
⇒ ∂ ∂ ζ [ P t e s t 0 2 P c ]
=
( ρ ρ c ) ( 1 − e 2 ) − 2 { 6 p 3 χ 2 ζ ( 1 − e 2 ) − 2 ( 2 p 2 + 3 p 3 ) ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ + 6 p 3 ζ 3 }
=
( ρ ρ c ) ( 1 − e 2 ) − 2 { 6 [ e 4 ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) + 2 3 e 2 Υ ] χ 2 ζ ( 1 − e 2 ) − 2 [ 2 e 4 ( A ℓ s a ℓ 2 ) + 3 e 4 ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) ] ( 1 − e 2 ) ζ + 6 [ e 4 ( A s s a ℓ 2 ) + 2 3 e 2 Υ ] ζ 3 }
Here (test04), we add a term that is linear in the normalized density, which means,
P t e s t 0 4 P c
=
P t e s t 0 2 P c + p 1 ( ρ ρ c )
⇒ ∂ ∂ ζ [ P t e s t 0 4 P c ]
=
∂ ∂ ζ [ P t e s t 0 2 P c ] + ∂ ∂ ζ [ p 1 ( ρ ρ c ) ] = ∂ ∂ ζ [ P t e s t 0 2 P c ] + p 1 ∂ ∂ ζ [ 1 − χ 2 − ζ 2 ( 1 − e 2 ) − 1 ]
See Also