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=Reconciliation= <table border="1" align="center" width="100%" colspan="8"> <tr> <td align="center" rowspan="1" bgcolor="lightblue" width="25%"><br />[[SSC/Stability/BiPolytropes|Part I: The Search]]<br /> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="1" bgcolor="lightblue" width="25%"><br />[[SSC/Stability/BiPolytropes/Pt2|Part II: Review of MF85b]]<br /> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="1" bgcolor="lightblue" width="25%"><br />[[SSC/Stability/BiPolytropes/Pt3|III: (5,1) Radial Oscillations]]<br /> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="lightblue"><br />[[SSC/Stability/BiPolytropes/Pt4|IV: Reconciliation]]<br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" width="100%" colspan="4"> These four chapters, labeled Parts I - IV, are segments of the much longer chapter titled, [[SSC/Stability/BiPolytropes/PlannedApproach|SSC/Stability/BiPolytropes/PlannedApproach]]. An [[SSC/Stability/BiPolytropes/Index|accompanying organizational index]] has helped us write this chapter succinctly. </td> </tr> </table> <table border="0" cellpadding="8" align="right"> <tr> <th align="center">Figure 7: Conflicting Instability Regions</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="10">[[File:EigenvectorStability.png|400px|Marginally unstable models]]</td> </tr> </table> Figure 7, shown here on the right, is identical to the right-hand panel of [[#Figure4|Figure 4, as displayed above]]. From a standard global, free-energy analysis — such as the one [[#Virial_Stability_Evaluation|summarized above]] — we have determined that the red-dashed curve shown in the right panel of Figure 6 divides the <math>~q-\nu</math> plane into dynamically stable (below and to the right) and unstable (above and to the left) regions. ==Variational Principle== ===Setup=== Let's follow the guidelines of the [[SSC/SynopsisStyleSheet|variational principle]]. Instead of starting with the form of the LAWE given above, namely, <div align="center" id="2ndOrderODE"> <font color="#770000">'''Adiabatic Wave''' (or ''Radial Pulsation'') '''Equation'''</font><br /> {{Math/EQ_RadialPulsation01}} </div> we will start with a form that is more amenable to the variational principle, namely, <div align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \frac{d}{dr_0}\biggl[ r_0^4 \gamma P_0 ~\frac{dx}{dr_0} \biggr] +\biggl[ \omega^2 \rho_0 r_0^4 + (3\gamma - 4) r_0^3 \frac{dP_0}{dr_0} \biggr] x \, . </math> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" align="center" width="85%"><tr><td align="left"> <font color="red">'''ASIDE:'''</font> Let's show that these two expressions are equivalent. Remembering that, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\frac{dP_0}{dr_0}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~- g_0 \rho_0 = - \biggl(\frac{GM_r}{r_0^2}\biggr)\rho_0 \, ,</math> </td> </tr> </table> the second expression becomes, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ r_0^4 \gamma P_0 ~\frac{d^2x}{dr_0^2} + ~\gamma \frac{dx}{dr_0}\biggl[ 4r_0^3 P_0 - r_0^4 g_0 \rho_0\biggr] +\biggl[ \omega^2 \rho_0 r_0^4 - (3\gamma - 4) r_0^3 g_0 \rho_0\biggr] x </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ r_0^4 \gamma P_0 \biggl\{\frac{d^2x}{dr_0^2} + \biggl[ \frac{4}{r_0} - \frac{g_0 \rho_0}{P_0} \biggr] \frac{dx}{dr_0} +\frac{\rho_0}{\gamma P_0 }\biggl[ \omega^2 - (3\gamma - 4) \frac{g_0}{r_0} \biggr] x \biggr\}\, . </math> </td> </tr> </table> Hence, we must multiply the first expression through by <math>~r_0^4 \gamma P_0</math> in order to obtain the second expression. </td></tr></table> From [[#Foundation|above]], we realize that multiplying the second expression through by <math>~(K_c/G)\rho_c^{-4 / 5}</math> gives, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ r_0^4\gamma P_0 \biggl\{ \frac{d^2x}{dr*^2} + \biggl[ 4 -\biggl(\frac{\rho^*}{P^*}\biggr)\frac{ M_r^*}{(r^*)}\biggr] \frac{1}{r^*} \frac{dx}{dr*} + \biggl(\frac{\rho^*}{ P^* } \biggr)\biggl[ \frac{2\pi \sigma_c^2}{3\gamma_\mathrm{g}} ~-~\frac{\alpha_\mathrm{g} M_r^*}{(r^*)^3}\biggr] x \biggr\} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ (r^*)^4 [K_c^{1 / 2}/(G^{1 / 2} \rho_c^{2/5}) ]^4 \gamma P^* [K_c\rho_c^{6/5}] \biggl\{ \frac{d^2x}{dr*^2} + \biggl[ 4 -\biggl(\frac{\rho^*}{P^*}\biggr)\frac{ M_r^*}{(r^*)}\biggr] \frac{1}{r^*} \frac{dx}{dr*} + \biggl(\frac{\rho^*}{ P^* } \biggr)\biggl[ \frac{2\pi \sigma_c^2}{3\gamma_\mathrm{g}} ~-~\frac{\alpha_\mathrm{g} M_r^*}{(r^*)^3}\biggr] x \biggr\} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \biggl[ \frac{K_c^{3}}{ G^{2} \rho_c^{2/5}} \biggr] (r^*)^4 \gamma P^* \biggl\{ \frac{d^2x}{dr*^2} + \biggl[ 4 -\biggl(\frac{\rho^*}{P^*}\biggr)\frac{ M_r^*}{(r^*)}\biggr] \frac{1}{r^*} \frac{dx}{dr*} + \biggl(\frac{\rho^*}{ P^* } \biggr)\biggl[ \frac{2\pi \sigma_c^2}{3\gamma_\mathrm{g}} ~-~\frac{\alpha_\mathrm{g} M_r^*}{(r^*)^3}\biggr] x \biggr\} \, . </math> </td> </tr> </table> That is, multiplying the second expression through by, <math>~(K_c/G)\rho_c^{-4 / 5} \cdot G^2 \rho_c^{2 / 5}/K_c^3 = G/(K_c^2 \rho_c^{2 / 5})</math> , should give a desirable, totally dimensionless version of the LAWE. Remembering that, <div align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="3"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\rho^*</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\frac{\rho_0}{\rho_c}</math> </td> <td align="center">; </td> <td align="right"> <math>~r^*</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\frac{r_0}{[K_c^{1/2}/(G^{1/2}\rho_c^{2/5})]}</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~P^*</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\frac{P_0}{K_c\rho_c^{6/5}}</math> </td> <td align="center">; </td> <td align="right"> <math>~M_r^*</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\frac{M_r}{[K_c^{3/2}/(G^{3/2}\rho_c^{1/5})]}</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\frac{dP^*}{dr^*}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~-\frac{M^*_r \rho^*}{(r^*)^2} </math> </td> <td align="center">; </td> <td align="right"> <math>~E_\mathrm{norm}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\biggl[ \frac{K_c^5}{G^3}\biggr]^{1 / 2}</math> </td> </tr> </table> </div> let's try it. <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~G K_c^{-2} \rho_c^{-2 / 5} \biggl\{ \frac{d}{dr_0}\biggl[ r_0^4 \gamma P_0 ~\frac{dx}{dr_0} \biggr] +\biggl[ \omega^2 \rho_0 r_0^4 + (3\gamma - 4) r_0^3 \frac{dP_0}{dr_0} \biggr] x \biggr\} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~G K_c^{-2} \rho_c^{-2 / 5} \biggl\{ \biggl( \frac{K_c^2 \rho_c^{2/5}}{G} \biggr) \frac{d}{dr^*}\biggl[ (r^*)^4 \gamma P^* ~\frac{dx}{dr^*} \biggr] +\biggl[ \omega^2 \biggl(\frac{K_c^2}{G^2 \rho_c^{8/5}}\biggr) \rho_c \rho^* (r^*)^4 + (3\gamma - 4)\biggl(\frac{K_c }{G \rho_c^{4/5}}\biggr)K_c\rho_c^{6/5} (r^*)^3 \frac{dP^*}{dr^*} \biggr] x \biggr\} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \frac{d}{dr^*}\biggl[ (r^*)^4 \gamma P^* ~\frac{dx}{dr^*} \biggr] +\biggl[ \biggl( \frac{\omega^2}{G\rho_c}\biggr) \rho^* (r^*)^4 + (3\gamma - 4)(r^*)^3 \frac{dP^*}{dr^*} \biggr] x \, . </math> </td> </tr> </table> Now, guided by the [[SSC/SynopsisStyleSheet#Stability|accompanying summary]], if we multiply through by <math>~4\pi x dr^*</math> and integrate over the entire volume, we obtain the ''governing variational relation'', namely, <!-- OLD VERSION; IGNORE <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\int_0^{R^*}4\pi x\cdot d\biggl[ (r^*)^4 \gamma P^* ~\frac{dx}{dr^*} \biggr] + \int_0^{R^*}\biggl[ \biggl( \frac{\omega^2}{G\rho_c}\biggr) \rho^* (r^*)^4 + (3\gamma - 4)(r^*)^3 \frac{dP^*}{dr^*} \biggr] 4\pi x^2 dr^* </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \biggl[ 4\pi x(r^*)^4 \gamma P^* ~\frac{dx}{dr^*} \biggr]_0^{R^*} - \int_0^{R^*}4\pi \biggl[ (r^*)^4 \gamma P^* ~\biggl( \frac{dx}{dr^*} \biggr)^2\biggr] dr^* + \int_0^{R^*}\biggl[ \biggl( \frac{\omega^2}{G\rho_c}\biggr) \rho^* (r^*)^4 \biggr] 4\pi x^2 dr^* - \int_0^{R^*}\biggl[ (3\gamma - 4)M^*_r \rho^* \biggr] 4\pi x^2 r^* dr^* </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ - \int_0^{R^*} x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 \gamma 4\pi (r^*)^2 P^* dr^* + \int_0^{R^*} (3\gamma - 4) x^2\biggl( -\frac{M^*_r}{r^*}\biggr) 4\pi \rho^* (r^*)^2 dr^* -\biggl[ 4\pi x^2 (r^*)^3 \gamma P^* \biggl( - \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr) \biggr]_0^{R^*} + \int_0^{R^*} 4\pi \biggl( \frac{\omega^2}{G\rho_c}\biggr) \rho^* (r^*)^4 x^2 dr^* \, . </math> </td> </tr> </table> OLD VERSION; IGNORE--> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}}4\pi x\cdot d\biggl[ (r^*)^4 \gamma_c P^* ~\frac{dx}{dr^*} \biggr] + \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}}\biggl[ \biggl( \frac{\omega^2}{G\rho_c}\biggr) \rho^* (r^*)^4 + (3\gamma_c - 4)(r^*)^3 \frac{dP^*}{dr^*} \biggr] 4\pi x^2 dr^* </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ +\int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*}4\pi x\cdot d\biggl[ (r^*)^4 \gamma_e P^* ~\frac{dx}{dr^*} \biggr] + \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*}\biggl[ \biggl( \frac{\omega^2}{G\rho_c}\biggr) \rho^* (r^*)^4 + (3\gamma_e - 4)(r^*)^3 \frac{dP^*}{dr^*} \biggr] 4\pi x^2 dr^* </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \biggl[ 4\pi x(r^*)^4 \gamma_c P^* ~\frac{dx}{dr^*} \biggr]_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} - \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}}4\pi \biggl[ (r^*)^4 \gamma_c P^* ~\biggl( \frac{dx}{dr^*} \biggr)^2\biggr] dr^* - \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}}\biggl[ (3\gamma_c - 4)M^*_r \rho^* \biggr] 4\pi x^2 r^* dr^* </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ +\biggl[ 4\pi x(r^*)^4 \gamma_e P^* ~\frac{dx}{dr^*} \biggr]_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} - \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*}4\pi \biggl[ (r^*)^4 \gamma_e P^* ~\biggl( \frac{dx}{dr^*} \biggr)^2\biggr] dr^* - \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*}\biggl[ (3\gamma_e - 4)M^*_r \rho^* \biggr] 4\pi x^2 r^* dr^* + \int_{0}^{R^*}\biggl[ \biggl( \frac{\omega^2}{G\rho_c}\biggr) \rho^* (r^*)^4 \biggr] 4\pi x^2 dr^* </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ - \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 \gamma_c 4\pi (r^*)^2 P^* dr^* + \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} (3\gamma_c - 4) x^2\biggl( -\frac{M^*_r}{r^*}\biggr) 4\pi \rho^* (r^*)^2 dr^* -\biggl[ 4\pi x^2 (r^*)^3 \gamma_c P^* \biggl( - \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr) \biggr]_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ - \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 \gamma_e 4\pi (r^*)^2 P^* dr^* + \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} (3\gamma_e - 4) x^2\biggl( -\frac{M^*_r}{r^*}\biggr) 4\pi \rho^* (r^*)^2 dr^* -\biggl[ 4\pi x^2 (r^*)^3 \gamma_e P^* \biggl( - \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr) \biggr]_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} + \int_{0}^{R^*} 4\pi \biggl( \frac{\omega^2}{G\rho_c}\biggr) \rho^* (r^*)^4 x^2 dr^* \, . </math> </td> </tr> </table> Energy Normalization: <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~(\gamma - 1)dU_\mathrm{int}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 4\pi r^2 P dr </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 4\pi \biggl[ \frac{K_c^{1 / 2}}{G^{1 / 2} \rho_c^{2 / 5}} \biggr]^3 K_c \rho_c^{6 / 5} (r^*)^2 P^* dr^* </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 4\pi \biggl[ \frac{K_c^{5}}{G^{3}} \biggr]^{1 / 2} (r^*)^2 P^* dr^* </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\Rightarrow ~~~ E_\mathrm{norm}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \biggl[ \frac{K_c^{5}}{G^{3}} \biggr]^{1 / 2} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~dW_\mathrm{grav}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ -\biggl( \frac{GM_r}{r} \biggr) 4\pi r^2 \rho dr </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ -\biggl( \frac{GM^*_r}{r^*} \biggr) 4\pi (r^*)^2 \rho^* dr^* \biggl[ \frac{K_c}{G\rho_c^{4 / 5}} \biggr]\rho_c \biggl[ \frac{ K_c^{3 / 2} }{G^{3 / 2}\rho_c^{1 / 5} } \biggr] </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ -\biggl( \frac{M^*_r}{r^*} \biggr) 4\pi (r^*)^2 \rho^* dr^* E_\mathrm{norm} </math> </td> </tr> </table> <span id="VariationPrincipleRelation">Hence, the ''dimensionless'' governing variational relation becomes,</span> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\int_0^{R^*} \biggl( \frac{2\pi}{3}\biggr)\sigma_c^2(r^*)^2 x^2 dM_r^* </math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} \gamma_c(\gamma_c - 1) x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 dU^*_\mathrm{int} - \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} (3\gamma_c - 4) x^2 dW^*_\mathrm{grav} + \biggl[ 4\pi x^2 (r^*)^3 \gamma_c P^* \biggl( - \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr) \biggr]_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ + \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} \gamma_e(\gamma_e - 1) x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 dU^*_\mathrm{int} - \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} (3\gamma_e - 4) x^2 dW^*_\mathrm{grav} + \biggl[ 4\pi x^2 (r^*)^3 \gamma_e P^* \biggl( - \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr) \biggr]_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \frac{2\gamma_c}{3} \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 dS^*_\mathrm{therm} - (3\gamma_c - 4) \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} x^2 dW^*_\mathrm{grav} + 4\pi x_i^2 (r_\mathrm{core}^*)^3 \gamma_c P_i^* \biggl\{ - \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*}\biggr|_i \biggr\}_\mathrm{core} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ + \frac{2 \gamma_e}{3}\int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 dS^*_\mathrm{therm} - (3\gamma_e - 4) \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} x^2 dW^*_\mathrm{grav} - 4\pi x_i^2 (r_\mathrm{core}^*)^3 \gamma_e P_i^* \biggl\{ - \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*}\biggr|_i \biggr\}_\mathrm{env} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \frac{2\gamma_c}{3} \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 dS^*_\mathrm{therm} - (3\gamma_c - 4) \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} x^2 dW^*_\mathrm{grav} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ + \frac{2 \gamma_e}{3}\int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 dS^*_\mathrm{therm} - (3\gamma_e - 4) \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} x^2 dW^*_\mathrm{grav} - 4\pi x_i^2 (r_\mathrm{core}^*)^3 P_i^*\biggl[ \gamma_c \biggl\{ \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*}\biggr|_i \biggr\}_\mathrm{core} - \gamma_e \biggl\{ \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*}\biggr|_i \biggr\}_\mathrm{env} \biggr] </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \frac{2\gamma_c}{3} \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 dS^*_\mathrm{therm} - (3\gamma_c - 4) \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} x^2 dW^*_\mathrm{grav} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ + \frac{2 \gamma_e}{3}\int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 dS^*_\mathrm{therm} - (3\gamma_e - 4) \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} x^2 dW^*_\mathrm{grav} - 4\pi x_i^2 (r_\mathrm{core}^*)^3 P_i^*\biggl[ 3(\gamma_e - \gamma_c) \biggr] \, , </math> </td> </tr> </table> where, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~dM^*_r</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~4\pi (r^*)^2 \rho^* dr^* \, ,</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~dU^*_\mathrm{int}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\frac{1}{(\gamma-1)} \biggl[4\pi (r^*)^2 P^* dr^* \biggr] = \biggl[ \frac{2}{3(\gamma - 1)} \biggr]dS^*_\mathrm{therm} \, ,</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~dW^*_\mathrm{grav}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~-\biggl( \frac{M^*_r}{r^*} \biggr) 4\pi (r^*)^2 \rho^* dr^* \, .</math> </td> </tr> </table> Or, for inclusion in our accompanying ''[[SSC/SynopsisStyleSheet#Bipolytropes|Tabular Overview]]'', <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\biggl( \frac{2\pi}{3}\biggr)\sigma_c^2 \int_0^{R^*} (x r^*)^2 dM_r^* </math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \gamma_c (\gamma_c-1) \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 dU^*_\mathrm{int} - (3\gamma_c - 4) \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} x^2 dW^*_\mathrm{grav} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ + ~\gamma_e (\gamma_e-1) \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 dU^*_\mathrm{int} - (3\gamma_e - 4) \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} x^2 dW^*_\mathrm{grav} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ + ~3^2(\gamma_c - \gamma_e) x_i^2 P_i^* V_\mathrm{core}^* \, . </math> </td> </tr> </table> ===Implementation=== <div align="center"> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" align="center"> <tr> <th align="center" colspan="15"> Table 3 </th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><math>~\frac{\mu_e}{\mu_c}</math></td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><math>~\xi_i</math></td> <td colspan="6" align="center" bgcolor="lightblue">Core</td> <td colspan="6" align="center" bgcolor="lightgreen">Envelope</td> <td align="center">Virial</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center"><font size="-1">Integrals over</font><p></p><math>~dS^*_\mathrm{therm}</math></td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><font size="-1">Integrals over</font><p></p><math>~dW^*_\mathrm{grav}</math></td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><font size="-1">Integrals over</font><p></p><math>~dS^*_\mathrm{therm}</math></td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><font size="-1">Integrals over</font><p></p><math>~dW^*_\mathrm{grav}</math></td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Numerical<p></p><math>~\biggl[\frac{2\mathfrak{s}_\mathrm{tot}}{|\mathfrak{w}_\mathrm{tot}|}-1\biggr] </math></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">Analytic<br /><math>~\mathfrak{s}_\mathrm{core}</math></td> <td align="center">Numerical<br /><math>~\mathfrak{s}_\mathrm{core}</math></td> <td align="center">'''TERM1'''</td> <td align="center">Analytic<br /><math>~\mathfrak{w}_\mathrm{core}</math></td> <td align="center">Numerical<br /><math>~\mathfrak{w}_\mathrm{core}</math></td> <td align="center">'''TERM2'''</td> <td align="center">Analytic<br /><math>~\mathfrak{s}_\mathrm{env}</math></td> <td align="center">Numerical<br /><math>~\mathfrak{s}_\mathrm{env}</math></td> <td align="center">'''TERM3'''</td> <td align="center">Analytic<br /><math>~\mathfrak{w}_\mathrm{env}</math></td> <td align="center">Numerical<br /><math>~\mathfrak{w}_\mathrm{env}</math></td> <td align="center">'''TERM4'''</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="left">1.6686460157</td> <td align="right">3.021916335</td> <td align="center">3.021921</td> <td align="center">0.116389175</td> <td align="center">-3.356583022</td> <td align="center">-3.35666</td> <td align="center">-2.649752079</td> <td align="center">1.47780476</td> <td align="center">1.47791</td> <td align="center">1.0720821</td> <td align="center">-5.642859167</td> <td align="center">-5.642820</td> <td align="center">-1.91142893</td> <td align="center">0.000020</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><math>~\tfrac{1}{2}</math></td> <td align="left">2.27925811317</td> <td align="right">4.241287117</td> <td align="center">4.241410819</td> <td align="center">0.440878529</td> <td align="center">-6.074241035</td> <td align="center">-6.074317546</td> <td align="center">-4.150731169</td> <td align="center">4.284931508</td> <td align="center">4.28547195</td> <td align="center">1.44651932</td> <td align="center">-10.97819621</td> <td align="center">-10.97847622</td> <td align="center">-0.92598634</td> <td align="center">0.000057</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">0.345</td> <td align="left">2.560146865247</td> <td align="right">4.639705843</td> <td align="center">4.6399114</td> <td align="center">0.6794857</td> <td align="center">-7.125754184</td> <td align="center">-7.125854025</td> <td align="center">-4.5487829</td> <td align="center">11.72861751</td> <td align="center">11.730381</td> <td align="center">1.51410084</td> <td align="center">-25.61089252</td> <td align="center">-25.6115597</td> <td align="center">-0.4496513</td> <td align="center">0.000097</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><math>~\tfrac{1}{3}</math></td> <td align="left">2.582007485476</td> <td align="right">4.667042505</td> <td align="center">4.667254935</td> <td align="center">0.700414598</td> <td align="center">-7.200966267</td> <td align="center">-7.201068684</td> <td align="center">-4.57274936</td> <td align="center">13.15887139</td> <td align="center">13.1608467</td> <td align="center">1.51408246</td> <td align="center">-28.45086152</td> <td align="center">-28.45153761</td> <td align="center">-0.4170461</td> <td align="center">0.000101</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">0.309</td> <td align="left">2.6274239687695</td> <td align="right">4.722277318</td> <td align="center">4.722504339</td> <td align="center">0.744964507</td> <td align="center">-7.354156963</td> <td align="center">-7.3542507</td> <td align="center">-4.61961058</td> <td align="center">17.1374434</td> <td align="center">17.1399773</td> <td align="center">1.51055838</td> <td align="center">-36.36528446</td> <td align="center">-36.36591543</td> <td align="center">-0.3524855</td> <td align="center">0.000110</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><math>~\tfrac{1}{4}</math></td> <td align="left">2.7357711469398</td> <td align="right">4.84592201</td> <td align="center">4.846185027</td> <td align="center">0.857001395</td> <td align="center">-7.70305421</td> <td align="center">-7.703178009</td> <td align="center">-4.7163542</td> <td align="center">37.84289623</td> <td align="center">37.8479208</td> <td align="center">1.47966673</td> <td align="center">-77.67458196</td> <td align="center">-77.67408155</td> <td align="center">-0.2194152</td> <td align="center">0.000128</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="15" align="left"> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\mathfrak{s}_\mathrm{core}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} dS^*_\mathrm{therm}</math> </td> <td align="center"> ; </td> <td align="right"> '''TERM1''' </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 dS^*_\mathrm{therm}</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\mathfrak{w}_\mathrm{core}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} dW^*_\mathrm{grav}</math> </td> <td align="center"> ; </td> <td align="right"> '''TERM2''' </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} x^2 dW^*_\mathrm{grav}</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\mathfrak{s}_\mathrm{env}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} dS^*_\mathrm{therm}</math> </td> <td align="center"> ; </td> <td align="right"> '''TERM3''' </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} x^2~\biggl( \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*} \biggr)^2 dS^*_\mathrm{therm}</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\mathfrak{w}_\mathrm{env}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} dW^*_\mathrm{grav}</math> </td> <td align="center"> ; </td> <td align="right"> '''TERM4''' </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} x^2 dW^*_\mathrm{grav}</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" align="center">NOTE: In all integrals, the fractional radial-displacement function, <math>~x</math>, has been normalized<br />to unity at the center of the spherical model.</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\biggl[ \sigma_c^2 \biggr]^\mathrm{VP}_{\mu_e/\mu_c = 1}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\frac{3}{2\pi \cdot \mathbf{TERM5} } \biggl\{ \frac{2\gamma_c}{3} [\mathbf{TERM1}] - (3\gamma_c - 4) [\mathbf{TERM2}] + \frac{2 \gamma_e}{3} [\mathbf{TERM3}] - (3\gamma_e - 4) [\mathbf{TERM4}] - 4\pi x_i^2 (r_\mathrm{core}^*)^3 P_i^* [3(\gamma_e - \gamma_c)] \biggr\} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 0.036312577\times \biggl[0.093111340 - 1.059900832 + 1.4294428 - (-3.82285786) - 1.782200484\times (2.4) \biggr] = 0.036312577\times [0.00819] </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 0.0002973 \, .</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\biggl[ \sigma_c^2 \biggr]^\mathrm{VP}_{\mu_e/\mu_c = 1 / 2}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 0.020704186\times \biggl[0.352702823 - 1.660292468 + 1.928692426 - (-1.85197268) - 1.029029184\times (2.4) \biggr] = 0.020704186\times [0.003405] </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 0.0000705 \, .</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\biggl[ \sigma_c^2 \biggr]^\mathrm{VP}_{\mu_e/\mu_c = 0.345}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 0.019377703\times \biggl[0.54358856 - 1.81951316 + 2.01880112 - (-0.8993026) - 0.68747441\times (2.4) \biggr] = 0.019377703\times [0.003585] </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 0.0000695 \, .</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\biggl[ \sigma_c^2 \biggr]^\mathrm{VP}_{\mu_e/\mu_c = 1 / 3}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 0.019467503\times \biggl[0.560331678 - 1.81099744 + 2.018776613 - (-0.8340922) - 0.658354814\times (2.4) \biggr] = 0.019467503\times [1.602203052 - 1.580051555] </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 0.00043123 \, .</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\biggl[ \sigma_c^2 \biggr]^\mathrm{VP}_{\mu_e/\mu_c = 0.309}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 0.019781992\times \biggl[0.595971606 - 1.847844232 + 2.01407784 - (-0.704971) - 0.60905486\times (2.4) \biggr] = 0.019781992\times [1.467176214 - 1.461731665] </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 0.0001077 \, .</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\biggl[ \sigma_c^2 \biggr]^\mathrm{VP}_{\mu_e/\mu_c = 1 / 4}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 0.021344909\times \biggl[0.685601116 - 1.88654168 + 1.972888973 - (-0.4388304) - 0.499262049\times (2.4) \biggr] = 0.021344909\times [1.210778809 - 1.198228918] </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 0.000267876 \, .</math> </td> </tr> </table> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" align="center"> <tr> <th align="center" colspan="11"> Table 4 </th> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><math>~\frac{\mu_e}{\mu_c}</math></td> <td align="center"><math>~\xi_i</math></td> <td align="center">Analytic<br /><math>~\mathfrak{m}_\mathrm{tot}</math></td> <td align="center">Numerical<br /><math>~\mathfrak{m}_\mathrm{tot}</math></td> <td align="center">'''TERM5'''</td> <td align="center"><math>~x_i</math></td> <td align="center"><math>~r^*_\mathrm{core}</math></td> <td align="center"><math>~P^*_i</math></td> <td align="center"><math>~\biggl\{ - \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*}\biggr|_i \biggr\}_\mathrm{core}</math></td> <td align="center"><math>~\biggl\{ - \frac{d\ln x}{d\ln r^*}\biggr|_i \biggr\}_\mathrm{env}</math></td> <td align="center"><math>~\biggl[\sigma_c^2\biggr]^\mathrm{VP}</math></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="left">1.6686460157</td> <td align="right">4.818155928</td> <td align="center">4.818145</td> <td align="center">13.14874521</td> <td align="center">0.814374698</td> <td align="center">1.153014872</td> <td align="center">0.139506172</td> <td align="center">+0.455871977</td> <td align="center">+1.47352</td> <td align="center">0.0002973</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><math>~\tfrac{1}{2}</math></td> <td align="left">2.27925811317</td> <td align="right">9.020985415</td> <td align="center">9.021084268</td> <td align="center">23.0612702</td> <td align="center">0.653665497</td> <td align="center">1.574940686</td> <td align="center">0.049058481</td> <td align="center">+1.059668912</td> <td align="center">+1.835801347</td> <td align="center">0.0000705</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">0.345</td> <td align="left">2.560146865247</td> <td align="right">17.41399388</td> <td align="center">17.4141672</td> <td align="center">24.63990825</td> <td align="center">0.563043202</td> <td align="center">1.769031527</td> <td align="center">0.030957085</td> <td align="center">+1.552125296</td> <td align="center">+2.131275177</td> <td align="center">0.0000695</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><math>~\tfrac{1}{3}</math></td> <td align="left">2.582007485476</td> <td align="right">18.8449906</td> <td align="center">18.8451614</td> <td align="center">24.52624951</td> <td align="center">0.555549156</td> <td align="center">1.78413696</td> <td align="center">0.029889634</td> <td align="center">+1.600041467</td> <td align="center">+2.16002488</td> <td align="center">0.0004312</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">0.309</td> <td align="left">2.6274239687695</td> <td align="right">22.61541791</td> <td align="center">22.6155686</td> <td align="center">24.13633675</td> <td align="center">0.539776219</td> <td align="center">1.815519219</td> <td align="center">0.027798189</td> <td align="center">+1.705239188</td> <td align="center">+2.223143513</td> <td align="center">0.0001077</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><math>~\tfrac{1}{4}</math></td> <td align="left">2.7357711469398</td> <td align="right">39.12088278</td> <td align="center">39.1208075</td> <td align="center">22.36902623</td> <td align="center">0.501037082</td> <td align="center">1.890385851</td> <td align="center">0.023427588</td> <td align="center">+1.991720516</td> <td align="center">+2.39503231</td> <td align="center">0.0002679</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="11" align="left"> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\mathfrak{m}_\mathrm{tot}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\int_0^{R^*}dM_r^*</math> </td> <td align="center"> ; </td> <td align="right"> <math>~I_\mathrm{sphere}^*</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\int_0^{R^*}(r^*)^2 dM_r^*</math> </td> <td align="center"> ; </td> <td align="right"> '''TERM5''' </td> <td align="center"> <math>~\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\int_0^{R^*}(r^*)^2 x^2 dM_r^*</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="11" align="center">NOTE: In the '''TERM5''' integral (as elsewhere), the fractional radial-displacement function, <math>~x</math>, <br />has been normalized to unity at the center of the spherical model.</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> ==Revised Free-Energy Analysis== If we set <math>~x </math> = constant in the [[#VariationPrincipleRelation|variational principle relation]], we have, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~ \biggl( \frac{2\pi}{3}\biggr)\sigma_c^2 \int_0^{R^*}(r^*)^2dM_r^* </math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ - (3\gamma_c - 4) \int_0^{r^*_\mathrm{core}} dW^*_\mathrm{grav} - (3\gamma_e - 4) \int_{r^*_\mathrm{core}}^{R^*} dW^*_\mathrm{grav} - 4\pi (r_\mathrm{core}^*)^3 P_i^*\biggl[ 3(\gamma_e - \gamma_c) \biggr] </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\Rightarrow~~~~~~ \biggl( \frac{2\pi}{3}\biggr)\sigma_c^2 I_\mathrm{sphere}^* </math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ (4 - 3\gamma_c )\mathfrak{w}_\mathrm{core} + (4 - 3\gamma_e ) \mathfrak{w}_\mathrm{env} + P_i^*V^*_\mathrm{core}\biggl[ 3^2(\gamma_c - \gamma_e) \biggr] \, , </math> </td> </tr> </table> Notice the similarity between this last expression and the pair of expressions — numbered <b><font color="maroon" size="+1">⑥</font></b> and <b><font color="maroon" size="+1">⑦</font></b> — that arise in the context of [[SSC/SynopsisStyleSheet#Stability|pressure-truncated polytropes]]. =See Also= * [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Sci...362..201D K. De et al. (12 October 2018, Science, Vol. 362, No. 6411, pp. 201 - 206)], ''A Hot and Fast Ultra-stripped Supernova that likely formed a Compact Neutron Star Binary.'' {{ SGFfooter }}
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