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==Equilibrium Expressions== [<b>[[Appendix/References#EFE|<font color="red">EFE</font>]]</b> §11(b), p. 22] <font color="#007700">Under conditions of a stationary state, [the tensor virial equation] gives,</font> <div align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~2 \mathfrak{T}_{ij} + \mathfrak{W}_{ij} </math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~- \delta_{ij}\Pi \, .</math> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <font color="#007700">[This] provides six integral relations which must obtain whenever the conditions are stationary</font>. When viewing the (generally ellipsoidal) configuration from a rotating frame of reference, the 2<sup>nd</sup>-order TVE takes on the more general form: <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{ij} + \mathfrak{W}_{ij} + \delta_{ij}\Pi + \Omega^2 I_{ij} - \Omega_i\Omega_k I_{kj} + 2\epsilon_{ilm}\Omega_m \int_V \rho u_lx_j dx \, . </math> </td> </tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan="3">[ [[Appendix/References#EFE|EFE]], <font color="#00CC00">Chapter 2, §12, Eq. (64)</font> ]</td></tr> </table> EFE (p. 57) also shows that … <font color="#007700">The potential energy tensor … for a homogeneous ellipsoid is given by</font> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\frac{\mathfrak{W}_{ij}}{\pi G\rho}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~-2A_i I_{ij} \, ,</math> </td> </tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan="3">[ [[Appendix/References#EFE|EFE]], <font color="#00CC00">Chapter 3, §22, Eq. (128)</font> ]</td></tr> </table> <font color="#007700">where</font> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~I_{ij}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\tfrac{1}{5} Ma_i^2 \delta_{ij} \, ,</math> </td> </tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan="3">[ [[Appendix/References#EFE|EFE]], <font color="#00CC00">Chapter 3, §22, Eq. (129)</font> ]</td></tr> </table> <font color="#007700">is the moment of inertia tensor.</font> Expressions for all nine components of the kinetic energy tensor, <math>~\mathfrak{T}_{ij}</math> are derived in [[#Appendix_E:_.C2.A0_Kinetic_Energy_Components|Appendix E]], below; and expressions for each of the six Coriolis components can be found in [[#Appendix_B:_.C2.A0Coriolis_Component_u1x2|Appendices B, C, & D]]. ===The Three Diagonal Elements=== For <math>~i = j = 1</math>, we have, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{11} + \mathfrak{W}_{11} + \Pi + \Omega^2 I_{11} - \Omega_1\Omega_k I_{k1} + 2\epsilon_{1lm}\Omega_m \int_V \rho u_lx_1 d^3x </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{11} + \mathfrak{W}_{11} + \Pi + \Omega^2 I_{11} - \Omega_1^2I_{11} + 2 \Omega_3 \int_V \rho u_2x_1 ~d^3x - 2\Omega_2 \int_V \rho u_3x_1 ~d^3x </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{11} + \mathfrak{W}_{11} + \Pi +( \Omega_2^2 + \Omega_3^2) I_{11} + 2 \Omega_3\rho \int_V u_2x ~d^3x - 2\Omega_2\rho \int_V u_3 x~ d^3x </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_3^2 I_{22} + \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_2^2 I_{33} ~-~(2\pi G\rho) A_1 I_{11} + \Pi +( \Omega_2^2 + \Omega_3^2) I_{11} + 2 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{b^2+a^2}\biggr] \Omega_3 \zeta_3 I_{11} + 2 \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2 + a^2}\biggr]\Omega_2 \zeta_2 I_{11} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \Pi + \biggl\{ ( \Omega_2^2 + \Omega_3^2) + 2 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{b^2+a^2}\biggr] \Omega_3 \zeta_3 + 2 \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2 + a^2}\biggr]\Omega_2 \zeta_2 ~-~(2\pi G\rho) A_1 \biggr\} I_{11} + \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_3^2 I_{22} + \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_2^2 I_{33} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\Rightarrow~~~ -\biggl[ \frac{3\cdot 5}{2^2\pi a b c\rho} \biggr] \Pi</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \biggl\{ ( \Omega_2^2 + \Omega_3^2) + 2 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{b^2+a^2}\biggr] \Omega_3 \zeta_3 + 2 \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2 + a^2}\biggr]\Omega_2 \zeta_2 ~-~(2\pi G\rho) A_1 \biggr\} a^2 + \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_3^2 b^2 + \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_2^2 c^2 \, . </math> </td> </tr> </table> Once we choose the values of the (semi) axis lengths <math>~(a, b, c)</math> of an ellipsoid — from which the value of <math>~A_1</math> can be immediately determined — along with a specification of <math>~\rho</math>, this equation has the following five unknowns: <math>~\Pi, \Omega_2, \Omega_3, \zeta_2, \zeta_3</math>. Similarly, for <math>~i = j = 2</math>, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{22} + \mathfrak{W}_{22} + \Pi + \Omega^2 I_{22} - \Omega_2\Omega_k I_{k2} + 2\epsilon_{2lm}\Omega_m \int_V \rho u_lx_2 d^3x </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{22} + \mathfrak{W}_{22} + \Pi + (\Omega_1^2 + \Omega_3^2) I_{22} + 2\Omega_1 \rho \int_V u_3 y ~d^3x - 2\Omega_3 \rho \int_V u_1 y ~d^3x </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{b^2 + c^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_1^2 I_{33} + \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{b^2+a^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_3^2 I_{11} ~-~( 2\pi G \rho) A_2 {I}_{22} + \Pi + (\Omega_1^2 + \Omega_3^2) I_{22} + 2 \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2+b^2}\biggr]\Omega_1 \zeta_1 I_{22} + 2 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2}\biggr] \Omega_3 \zeta_3 I_{22} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \Pi + \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{b^2+a^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_3^2 I_{11} + \biggl\{ (\Omega_1^2 + \Omega_3^2) + 2 \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2+b^2}\biggr]\Omega_1 \zeta_1 + 2 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2}\biggr] \Omega_3 \zeta_3 ~-~( 2\pi G \rho) A_2 \biggr\}{I}_{22} + \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{b^2 + c^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_1^2 I_{33} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\Rightarrow~~~-\biggl[ \frac{3\cdot 5}{2^2\pi a b c \rho} \biggr]\Pi</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{b^2+a^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_3^2 a^2 + \biggl\{ (\Omega_1^2 + \Omega_3^2) + 2 \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2+b^2}\biggr]\Omega_1 \zeta_1 + 2 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2}\biggr] \Omega_3 \zeta_3 ~-~( 2\pi G \rho) A_2 \biggr\}b^2 + \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{b^2 + c^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_1^2 c^2 \, . </math> </td> </tr> </table> This gives us a second equation, but an additional pair of (for a total of seven) unknowns: <math>~\Omega_1, \zeta_1</math>. For the third diagonal element — that is, for <math>~i=j=3</math> — we have, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{33} + \mathfrak{W}_{33} + \Pi + \Omega^2 I_{33} - \Omega_3\Omega_k I_{k3} + 2\epsilon_{3lm}\Omega_m \int_V \rho u_lx_3 ~d^3x </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{33} + \mathfrak{W}_{33} + \Pi + (\Omega_1^2 + \Omega_2^2) I_{33} + 2\Omega_2 \rho \int_V u_1 z ~d^3x - 2\Omega_1 \rho \int_V u_2 z ~d^3x </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2 + a^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_2^2 I_{11} + \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2+b^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_1^2 I_{22} - (2\pi G \rho)A_3 I_{33} + \Pi + (\Omega_1^2 + \Omega_2^2) I_{33} + 2 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}\biggr]\Omega_2 \zeta_2 I_{33} + 2 \biggl[\frac{b^2}{b^2 + c^2}\biggr] \Omega_1 \zeta_1 I_{33} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \Pi + \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2 + a^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_2^2 I_{11} + \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2+b^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_1^2 I_{22} + \biggl\{ (\Omega_1^2 + \Omega_2^2) + 2 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}\biggr]\Omega_2 \zeta_2 + 2 \biggl[\frac{b^2}{b^2 + c^2}\biggr] \Omega_1 \zeta_1 - (2\pi G \rho)A_3 \biggr\}I_{33} </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\Rightarrow ~~~ -\biggl[ \frac{3\cdot 5}{2^2\pi abc\rho} \biggr]\Pi</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2 + a^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_2^2 a^2 + \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2+b^2}\biggr]^2 \zeta_1^2 b^2 + \biggl\{ (\Omega_1^2 + \Omega_2^2) + 2 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}\biggr]\Omega_2 \zeta_2 + 2 \biggl[\frac{b^2}{b^2 + c^2}\biggr] \Omega_1 \zeta_1 - (2\pi G \rho)A_3 \biggr\}c^2 \, . </math> </td> </tr> </table> This gives us three equations ''vs.'' seven unknowns. ===Off-Diagonal Elements=== Notice that the off-diagonal components of both <math>~I_{ij}</math> and <math>~\mathfrak{W}_{ij}</math> are zero. Hence, the equilibrium expression that is dictated by each off-diagonal component of the 2<sup>nd</sup>-order TVE is, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{ij} - \Omega_i\Omega_k I_{kj} + 2\epsilon_{ilm}\Omega_m \int_V \rho u_lx_j d^3x \, . </math> </td> </tr> </table> For example — as is explicitly illustrated on p. 130 of EFE — for <math>~i=2</math> and <math>~j=3</math>, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{23} - \Omega_2\Omega_3 I_{33} + 2\Omega_1 \cancelto{0}{\int_V \rho u_3x_3 d^3x} - 2\Omega_3 \int_V \rho u_1x_3 d^3x \, , </math> </td> </tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan="4">[ [[Appendix/References#EFE|EFE]], <font color="#00CC00">Chapter 7, §47, Eq. (3)</font> ]</td></tr> </table> whereas for <math>~i=3</math> and <math>~j=2</math>, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{32} - \Omega_3 \Omega_2 I_{22} + 2\Omega_2 \int_V \rho u_1x_2 d^3x - 2\Omega_1 \cancelto{0}{\int_V \rho u_2 x_2 d^3x} \, . </math> </td> </tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan="4">[ [[Appendix/References#EFE|EFE]], <font color="#00CC00">Chapter 7, §47, Eq. (4)</font> ]</td></tr> </table> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" align="center" width="80%"><tr><td align="left"> Given our adoption of a uniform-density configuration whose surface has a precisely ellipsoidal shape and, along with it, our adoption of the above specific prescription for the internal velocity field, <math>~\vec{u}</math>, we recognize that, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\int_V \rho u_i x_j d^3x</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="right"> if <math>~i = j \, .</math> </tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan="4">[ [[Appendix/References#EFE|EFE]], <font color="#00CC00">Chapter 7, §47, Eq. (5)</font> ]</td></tr> </table> This has allowed us to set to zero one of the integrals in each of these last two expressions. In what follows, we will benefit from recognizing, as well, that, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~\mathfrak{T}_{32} </math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\mathfrak{T}_{23}</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\frac{1}{2} \int_V \rho v_2 v_3 d^3x \, .</math> </td> </tr> </table> </td></tr></table> Our first off-diagonal element is, then, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{23} - \Omega_2\Omega_3 I_{33} - 2\Omega_3 \rho \int_V u_1 z d^3x </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ - ~ \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{b^2+a^2}\biggr] \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2 + a^2}\biggr] \zeta_2 \zeta_3 a^2 - \Omega_2\Omega_3 c^2 - 2 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}\biggr]\Omega_3 \zeta_2 c^2 </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\biggl\{ \Omega_2\Omega_3 + \biggl[ \frac{\zeta_2 a^2}{a^2 + c^2 }\biggr] \biggl[ 2\Omega_3 + \frac{\zeta_3 b^2}{b^2+a^2}\biggr] \biggr\} c^2 </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\biggl\{ 1 + \frac{\zeta_2}{\Omega_2}\biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + c^2 }\biggr] \biggl[ 2 + \frac{\zeta_3}{\Omega_3}\biggl( \frac{b^2}{b^2+a^2}\biggr) \biggr] \biggr\} \Omega_2\Omega_3c^2 \, . </math> </td> </tr> </table> The second is, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{32} - \Omega_3 \Omega_2 I_{22} + 2\Omega_2 \rho \int_V u_1 y d^3x </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ - ~ \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{b^2+a^2}\biggr] \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{c^2 + a^2}\biggr] \zeta_2 \zeta_3 a^2 - \Omega_3 \Omega_2 b^2 - 2 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2}\biggr]\Omega_2 \zeta_3 b^2 </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\biggl\{ \Omega_2 \Omega_3 + \biggl[ \frac{\zeta_3 a^2}{a^2+b^2}\biggr] \biggl[2\Omega_2 + \frac{\zeta_2 c^2}{c^2 + a^2}\biggr] \biggr\} b^2 </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~\biggl\{ 1 + \frac{\zeta_3}{\Omega_3}\biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}\biggr] \biggl[2 + \frac{\zeta_2}{\Omega_2} \biggl( \frac{c^2}{c^2 + a^2} \biggr) \biggr] \biggr\} \Omega_2 \Omega_3b^2 \, . </math> </td> </tr> </table> ===How Solution is Obtained === Adding this pair of governing expressions we obtain, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \biggl[ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{23} - \Omega_2\Omega_3 I_{33} - 2\Omega_3 \int_V \rho u_1x_3 dx \biggr] + \biggl[2 \mathfrak{T}_{32} - \Omega_3 \Omega_2 I_{22} + 2\Omega_2 \int_V \rho u_1x_2 dx \biggr] </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~4 \mathfrak{T}_{23} - \Omega_2\Omega_3(I_{22}+ I_{33} ) + 2 \int_V \rho u_1 (\Omega_2 x_2 - \Omega_3 x_3) dx \, ; </math> </td> </tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan="3">[ [[Appendix/References#EFE|EFE]], <font color="#00CC00">Chapter 7, §47, Eq. (6)</font> ]</td></tr> </table> and subtracting the pair gives, <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>~0</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \biggl[ 2 \mathfrak{T}_{23} - \Omega_2\Omega_3 I_{33} - 2\Omega_3 \int_V \rho u_1x_3 dx \biggr] - \biggl[2 \mathfrak{T}_{32} - \Omega_3 \Omega_2 I_{22} + 2\Omega_2 \int_V \rho u_1x_2 dx \biggr] </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>~=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>~ \Omega_2\Omega_3 (I_{22} - I_{33} ) - 2 \int_V \rho u_1 ( \Omega_2 x_2 + \Omega_3 x_3) dx \, . </math> </td> </tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan="3">[ [[Appendix/References#EFE|EFE]], <font color="#00CC00">Chapter 7, §47, Eq. (7)</font> ]</td></tr> </table>
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