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==Step 1== In the astrophysics literature, it is customary to adopt the following definition of the, <div align="center" id="GravitationalPotential"> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="3"> <font color="#770000">'''Scalar Gravitational Potential'''</font> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>\Phi(\vec{x})</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>\equiv</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>-G \int \frac{\rho(\vec{x}^{~'})}{|\vec{x}^{~'} - \vec{x}|} d^3x^' \, .</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="3"> [<b>[[Appendix/References#BT87|<font color="red">BT87</font>]]</b>], p. 31, Eq. (2-3)<br /> [<b>[[Appendix/References#EFE|<font color="red">EFE</font>]]</b>], §10, p. 17, Eq. (11)<br /> [<b>[[Appendix/References#T78|<font color="red">T78</font>]]</b>], §4.2, p. 77, Eq. (12) </td> </tr> </table> </div> (Note: As we have detailed in a [[VE#Setting_the_Stage|separate discussion]], throughout [<b>[[Appendix/References#EFE|<font color="red">EFE</font>]]</b>] Chandrasekhar adopts a ''different sign convention'' as well as a different variable name to represent the gravitational potential.) Recognizing that the gradient of the function, <math>~|\vec{x}^{~'} - \vec{x}|^{-1}</math>, with respect to {{ Template:Math/VAR_PositionVector01 }} is, <div align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>\nabla_x \biggl[ \frac{1}{|\vec{x}^{~'} - \vec{x}|} \biggr]</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math> \frac{\vec{x}^{~'} - \vec{x}}{|\vec{x}^{~'} - \vec{x}|^3} \, , </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="3"> [<b>[[Appendix/References#BT87|<font color="red">BT87</font>]]</b>], p. 31, Eq. (2-4) </td> </tr> </table> </div> and given that, in the above expression for the gravitational acceleration, the integration is taken over the volume that is identified by the ''primed'' <math>(\vec{x}~{'})</math>, rather than the unprimed <math>(\vec{x})</math>, coordinate system, <font color="#007700">we find that we may write</font> the gravitational acceleration as, <div align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <tr> <td align="right"> <math>\vec{a}(\vec{x})</math> </td> <td align="center"> <math>=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>\int G\rho(\vec{x}^{~'}) \nabla_x \biggl[ \frac{1}{|\vec{x}^{~'} - \vec{x}|} \biggr]d^3 x' </math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>\nabla_x \biggl\{ G \int \biggl[ \frac{\rho(\vec{x}^{~'}) }{|\vec{x}^{~'} - \vec{x}|} \biggr]d^3 x'\biggr\}</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="center"> <math>=</math> </td> <td align="left"> <math>-\nabla_x \Phi \, .</math> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="3"> [<b>[[Appendix/References#BT87|<font color="red">BT87</font>]]</b>], p. 31, Eq. (2-5) </td> </tr> </table> </div>
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