Editing ThreeDimensionalConfigurations/BinaryFission (section)

=Fission Hypothesis of Binary Star Formation=
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"This paper is concerned with one of the oldest hypotheses in stellar-evolution theory, namely, that a binary system originates from the splitting of a single star into two components due to rotational instability during contraction of the star.  In spite of many attempts, no satisfactory theory of this process has been developed &hellip;"</font>
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&#8212; Drawn from &sect;I of [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966ApJ...143..111R/abstract Ian W. Roxburgh (1966)] 
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"Broadly speaking, the fission problem may be stated as follows.  Will a single contracting body &#8212; initially endowed with some angular momentum and free from any appreciable external disturbance &#8212; eventually separate into a pair of detached fragments; and if so, how will the separation take place?"<br /><p>"&hellip; So far, no one has yet been able to prove or disprove that</font> [for example] <font color="darkgreen">an elongated pear-shaped figure with one end larger than the other will eventually split into two detached masses in mutual orbital motion.  This would require a ''fully'' nonlinear, time-dependent study of the evolution of a pear-shaped figure, the actual boundary of the configuration being itself an unknown at every instant."</font>
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&#8212; Drawn from &sect;11.3 (pp. 280-281) of [<b>[[Appendix/References#T78|<font color="red">T78</font>]]</b>] 
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==Potentially Useful References==

* [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1965RSPSA.286....1C/abstract S. Chandrasekhar (1965)], Proc. Roy. Soc. London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 286, pp. 1 - 26:  ''The Stability of a Rotating Liquid Drop''
* [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966ApJ...143..111R/abstract I. W. Roxburgh (1966)], ApJ, 143, 111:  ''On the Fission Theory of the Origin of Binary Stars''
* [https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21340423?selectedversion=NBD179107 J. P. Ostriker (1970)], Stellar Rotation: Proceedings of the IAU Colloquium held at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A., September 8-11, 1969, edited by Arne Slettebak, p. 147:  <font color="maroon">''Fission and the Origin of Binary Stars''</font>
* [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972ApJ...175..171L/abstract N. R. Lebovitz (1972)], ApJ, 175, 171:  <font color="maroon">''On the Fission Theory of Binary Stars''</font>
* &sect;IVa of [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973ApJ...180..159B/abstract P. Bodenheimer &amp; J. P. Ostriker (1973)], ApJ, 180, 159 [Part VIII]
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<font color="green">The ancient problem of whether a rotating, contracting star will, if it has sufficient angular momentum, subdivide and become a binary system must now be reexamined.  The existence of generalized zero-viscosity polytropic sequences which do not terminate and which do reach the points of dynamical over stability &hellip; answers several of the objections that have been raised against the fission hypothesis.  The new situation was reviewed by [https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21340423?selectedversion=NBD179107 J. P. Ostriker (1970)] in a discussion which anticipates the results presented in this paper.  A point of view is presented by [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972ApJ...175..171L/abstract N. R. Lebovitz (1972)] which envisions a different evolution but predicts fission at the same critical value of</font> <math>~T/|W|</math>.
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* [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984Ap%26SS..99...71H/abstract I. Hachisu &amp; Y. Eriguchi (1984)], Astrophysics &amp; Space Sciences, 99, 71:  ''Fission Sequence and Equilibrium Models of Rigidity [sic] Rotating Polytropes''
* [http://www.phys.lsu.edu/astro/movie_captions/fission.html Webpage summary of Cazes' simulations]
* [https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:17071096 R. H. Durisen &amp; J. E. Tohline (1985)], ''Protostars and Planets II'', pp. 534 - 575, Univ. of Arizona Press: <font color="maroon"> ''Fission of Rapidly Rotating Fluid Systems''</font>
* [http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1986ormo.conf..487D/0000487.000.html Durisen &amp; Gingold (198x)], <font color="maroon">''Numerical Simulations of Fission''</font>
* [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987GApFD..38...15L/abstract N. R. Lebovitz (1987)], Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, 38, 15: <font color="maroon">''Binary Fission via Inviscid Trajectories''</font>
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<li>Phase-Transition Theory of Instabilities:</li>
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<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995ApJ...446..472C/abstract  D. M. Christodoulou, D. Kazanas, I. Shlosman &amp; J. E. Tohline (1995a)], ApJ, 446, 472:  ''Second-Harmonic Instability and Bifurcation Points''</li>
<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995ApJ...446..485C/abstract  D. M. Christodoulou, D. Kazanas, I. Shlosman &amp; J. E. Tohline (1995b)], ApJ, 446, 485:  ''Fourth-Harmonic Bifurcations and &lambda;-Transitions''</li>
<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995ApJ...446..500C/abstract  D. M. Christodoulou, D. Kazanas, I. Shlosman &amp; J. E. Tohline (1995c)], ApJ, 446, 500:  ''The Third-Harmonic Bifurcation on the Jacobi Sequence and the Fission Problem''</li>
<li>[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995ApJ...446..510C/abstract D. M. Christodoulou, D. Kazanas, I. Shlosman &amp; J. E. Tohline (1995d)], ApJ, 446, 510:  ''Critical Points on the Maclaurin Sequence and Nonlinear Fission Processes''</li>
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* [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001IAUS..200...23B/abstract I. A. Bonnell (2001)], Proceedings of IAU Symposium 200, held 10 - 15 April, 2000 in Potsdam, Germany, edited by Hans Zinnecker and Robert D. Mathieu, p. 23:  ''The Formation of Close Binary Stars''
* [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002ARA%26A..40..349T/abstract J. T. Tohline (2002)], ARAA, 40, 349:  ''The Origin of Binary Stars''

==Illustration==

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'''Figure 1'''
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[[File:SkylabFission.jpg|300px|Droplet Fission]]
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YouTube video:
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[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61dH_CS_oqA Skylab Drop Dynamics Experiment (1975)]<br />
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0oZUmr_OlM&t=231s (Alternate Copy)] from YouTube account "amt253"
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'''Figure 2'''
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[[File:BrownScriven1980_Fig5.jpg|300px|Theoretical Model]]<br>
[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980RSPSA.371..331B Brown &amp; Scriven (1980)] 
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(Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 276, 389)
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'''Figure 4'''
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[[File:Wang1994_Fig10.jpg|350px|USML-1 Experiment]]<br>
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022112094002612 Wang, Anilkumar, Lee &amp; Lin (1994)] 
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(Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 371, 331)
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'''<font color="black">Figure 3</font>'''
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<!-- [[File:HachisuEriguchi1984.jpg|300px|Hachisu &amp; Eriguchi scenario]]<br> -->
[[File:HE84cFission.png|300px|Hachisu &amp; Eriguchi scenario]]<br>
[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984Ap%26SS..99...71H Hachisu &amp; Eriguchi (1984)] 
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(Astrophysics and Space Science, 99, 71)
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'''<font color="white">Figure 5</font>'''
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<!-- [[File:LSU_Stable.animated.gif|100px|Kimberly New simulation]]<br> -->
[[File:stable.animated.gif|100px|Kimberly New simulation]]<br>
[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ApJ...490..311N Figure 10 from New &amp; Tohline (1997)]<br>
<font color="white">(The Astrophysical Journal, 490, 311)</font>
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